高原气象

高原气象 >

2017 , Vol. 36 >Issue 2: 517 - 527

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00077

论文

1980—2010年成都灰霾的变化特征及其与气候要素的关联性

  • 贾佳 ,
  • 倪长健 ,
  • 胡泽勇 ,
  • 谢君 ,
  • 谢雨竹
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  • 中国科学院西北生态资源环境研究院, 兰州 730000;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;成都信息工程大学 大气科学学院, 成都 610225;中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心, 北京 100101;河南省气象局, 郑州 450003;中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京 100029

收稿日期: 2015-11-19

  网络出版日期: 2017-04-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（91337212，41661144043）

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Variation of Haze and Its Relationship with Climate Change in Chengdu from 1980 to 2010

  • JIA Jia ,
  • NI Changjian ,
  • HU Zeyong ,
  • XIE Jun ,
  • XIE Yuzhu
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  • Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Atmospheric Science College, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China;Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Henan Meteorological Bureau, Zhengzhou 450003, China;Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received date: 2015-11-19

  Online published: 2017-04-28

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摘要

针对近年来成都地区灰霾日趋严重的问题，基于1980—2010年成都站的地面气象观测资料，采用新（90%）、旧（80%）两种相对湿度阈值对灰霾进行判别，通过对比分析确定成都地区近30年灰霾的时间演变特征，并在此基础上进一步分析了该地区降水量、相对湿度以及风速三种气象要素的变化及其与灰霾变化的联系。结果表明，两种阈值所判定的灰霾日数均具有明显的季节差异，即冬季霾日最多，而夏季最少；但从长期变化趋势来看两者存在较大差异：旧标准判定的霾日近31年总体上呈上升的趋势，且2000年之后增长幅度明显加大，而采用新标准后霾日在近31年呈微弱的下降趋势，说明成都地区过去31年间相对湿度介于80%~90%之间的灰霾日数急剧减少，这可能与成都地区该时段大气整体变干有关。成都地区年总降水量呈下降趋势，采用新、旧两种标准时，冬季降水量与灰霾日数的相关系数均较大，分别达到-0.559、-0.534，而其余三个季节的相关系数也为负相关，相关系数较小且均未通过显著性检验。成都地区年平均相对湿度呈显著的下降趋势，自1997年后年平均相对湿度降至80%以下，大气变干趋势明显。在年际尺度上，旧标准下灰霾与相对湿度呈显著的反相关关系，相关系数达-0.698，而采用新标准时灰霾与相对湿度呈正相关。成都地区静风频率高且风速小，自2005年后，风速减小的趋势明显，与灰霾的变化呈反相关。因此，气候变干，风速减小是灰霾日数增加的重要因素。

关键词： 成都地区; 灰霾; 气候; 变化趋势; 相关

本文引用格式

贾佳 , 倪长健 , 胡泽勇 , 谢君 , 谢雨竹 . 1980—2010年成都灰霾的变化特征及其与气候要素的关联性[J]. 高原气象, 2017 , 36(2) : 517 -527 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00077

Abstract

In recent years, haze has become a serious problem in Chengdu area. Using surface observation data in Chengdu from 1980 to 2010 with two thresholds of relative humidity, this paper analysis the seasonal and inter-annual change of precipitation, relative humidity and average wind speed, and find the relationship between those meteorological elements with haze at the same time. The result shows the significant seasonal difference of haze when using two thresholds, it means the average number of haze days in winter is maximum among four seasons, while the haze days in summer is minimum. However, there is a significant difference between the two method when it comes to annual trend. Generally, the number of the haze days by using the old method shows a sharply increasing trend during recent years while the new one shows a weakly decreasing trend at the same time. It means the haze whose humidity is between 80% and 90% has been decreasing in recent year, and it may be related to the dry trend of atmospheric in Chengdu. The annual precipitation of Chengdu area shows a weak decreasing trend. When it comes to the relationship between haze and precipitation, using two threshold to calculate the correlation coefficient between precipitation and haze days in winter, the correlation coefficient are-0.559 and-0.534, respectively, and the remaining three seasons' precipitation is inversely related to the number of haze days, and their correlation coefficient are small. The relative humidity dropped to 80% since 1997, and the atmosphere shows dry trend. And two methods show the different relationship between the haze and relative humidity, the old one shows negative correlation and the correlation coefficient is-0.698, while the new one shows positive correlation. The frequency of calm in Chengdu area is high. The wind speed decreased significantly since 2005, and it is inversely related with haze days. In a word, the key point to the increased haze days is the dry trend of climate and the reduced wind speed.

Key words： Chengdu area; Haze; Climate; Trend; Correlation

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