[1]Balsamo G, Beljaars A, Scipal K, et al.2009.A revised hydrology for the ecmwf model:Verification from field site to terrestrial water storage and impact in the integrated forecast system[J].J Hydrometeor, 10:623-643.
[2]Chen B, Chen J M, Ju W.2007a.Remote sensing-based ecosystem-atmosphere simulation scheme (eass)-model formulation and test with multiple-year data[J].Ecological modelling, 209:277-300.
[3]Chen B, Chen J M, Mo G, et al.2007b.Modeling and scaling coupled energy, water, and carbon fluxes based on remote sensing:an application to canada's landmass[J].J Hydrometeor, 8:123-143.
[4]Chen J, Chen B, Black T A, et al.2013.Comparison of terrestrial evapotranspiration estimates using the mass transfer and penman-monteith equations in land surface models[J].J Geophysl Res, 118:1715-1731.
[5]Chen J, Zhang H F, Liu Z R, et al.2014.Evaluating parameter adjustment in the modis gross primary production algorithm based on eddy covariance tower measurements[J].Remote Sens, 6(4):3321-3348.
[6]Chen Y, Yang K, Tang W, Qin J, Zhao L.2012.Parameterizing soil organic carbon's impacts on soil porosity and thermal parameters for Eastern Tibet grasslands[J].Sci China Earth Sci, 55:1001-1011.
[7]Dickinson R E, Henderson-Sellers A, Kennedy P J, et al.1986.Biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) for the NCAR community climate model[R].Boulder, Colorado:National Center for Atmospheric Research.
[8]Draper C S, Walker J P, Steinle P J, et al.2009.An evaluation of AMSR-E derived soil moisture over australia[J].Remote Sens Environ, 113:703-710.
[9]Gao Y, Li K, Chen F, et al.2015.Assessing and improving noah-mp land model simulations for the central tibetan plateau[J].J Geophys Res:Atmospheres, 120:9258-9278.
[10]Hansson K, ?im nek J, Mizoguchi M, et al.2004.Water flow and heat transport in frozen soil[J].Vadose Zone Journal, 3:693-704.
[11]Jackson T J, Cosh M H, Bindlish R, et al.2010.Validation of advanced microwave scanning radiometer soil moisture products[J].IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens, 48:4256-4272.
[12]R tzer K, Montzka C, Vereecken H.2014.Spatio-temporal variability of global soil moisture products[J].J Hydrol, 522:187-202.
[13]Kang S, Xu Y, You Q, et al.2010.Review of climate and cryospheric change in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Environ Res Lett, 5:015101.DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/015101.
[14]Kerr Y H.2006.Soil moisture from space:Where are we?[J].Hydrogeology Journal, 15:117-120.
[15]Koster R D, Guo Z, Yang R, et al.2009.On the nature of soil moisture in land surface models[J].J Climate, 22:4322-4335.
[16]Koster R D, Mahanama S P, Livneh B, et al.2010.Skill in streamflow forecasts derived from large-scale estimates of soil moisture and snow[J].Nature Geosci, 3:613-616.
[17]Lawrence D M, Oleson K W, Flanner M G, et al.2011.Parameterization improvements and functional and structural advances in version 4 of the community land model[J].Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 3(M03):M03001.DOI:10.1029/2011MS000045.
[18]Lawrence D M, Slater A G, Swenson S C.2012.Simulation of present-day and future permafrost and seasonally frozen ground conditions in CCSM4[J].J Climate, 25(7):2207-2225.
[19]Lawrence D M, Slater A G.2008.Incorporating organic soil into a global climate model[J].Climate Dyn, 30:145-160.
[20]Letts M G, Roulet N T, Comer N T, et al.2000.Parametrization of peatland hydraulic properties for the canadian land surface scheme[J].Atmos-Ocean, 38(1):141-160.
[21]Li X, Cheng G, Liu S, et al.2013.Heihe watershed allied telemetry experimental research (hiwater):Scientific objectives and experimental design[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 94(8):1145-1160.
[22]Liu J G, Xie Z H.2013.Improving simulation of soil moisture in china using a multiple meteorological forcing ensemble approach[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17(9):3355-3369.
[23]Manabe S.1969.Climate and the ocean circulation 1:Ⅰ.The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the earth's surface[J].Mon Wea Rev, 97:739-774.
[24]Manns H R, Berg A A.2014.Importance of soil organic carbon on surface soil water content variability among agricultural fields[J].J Hydrol, 516(Suppl):297-303.
[25]Niu G Y, Yang Z L.2007.An observation-based formulation of snow cover fraction and its evaluation over large north american river basins[J].J Geophys Res:Atmospheres (1984-2012), 112(D21):D21101.DOI:10.1029/2007JD008674.
[26]Niu G Y, Yang Z L.2006.Effects of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff and soil water storage at a continental scale[J].J Hydrometeor, 7(5):937-952.
[27]OlesonK W, Lawrence D M, Gordon B, et al.2010.Technical description of version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM)[R].Boulder, Colorado:National Center for Atmospheric Research.
[28]Petropoulos G P, Ireland G, Barrett B.2015.Surface soil moisture retrievals from remote sensing:Current status, products & future trends[J].Physics & Chemistry of the Earth Parts, 83:36-56.
[29]Post W M, Emanuel W R, Zinke P J, et al.1982.Soil carbon pools and world life zones[J].Nature, 298(5870):156-159.
[30]Rodell M, Houser P, Jambor U E A, et al.2004.The global land data assimilation system[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 85:381-394.
[31]Saxton K E, Rawls W J.2006.Soil water characteristic estimates by texture and organic matter for hydrologic solutions[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(5):1569-1578.
[32]Sellers P, Mintz Y, Sud Y, et al.1986.A simple biosphere model (SIB) for use within general circulation models[J].J Atmos Sci, 43(6):505-531.
[33]Seneviratne S I, Corti T, Davin E L, et al.2010.Investigating soil moisture-climate interactions in a changing climate:A review[J].Earth-Sci Rev, 99(3-4):125-161.
[34]Stauffer D, Aharony A.1994.Introduction to percolation theory[M].Florida:CRC press.
[35]Subin Z M, Koven C D, Riley W J, et al.2013.Effects of soil moisture on the responses of soil temperatures to climate change in cold regions[J].J Climate, 26(10):3139-3158.
[36]Swenson S, Lawrence D, Lee H.2012.Improved simulation of the terrestrial hydrological cycle in permafrost regions by the community land model[J].Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 4(3):M08002.DOI:10.1029/2012MS000165.
[37]Van Genuchten M T.1980.A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J].Soil Science Ssociety of America Journal, 44(5):892-898.
[38]Yan J W, Liu J Y, Chen B Z, et al.2014.Changes in the land surface energy budget in eastern china over the past three decades:Contributions of land-cover change and climate change[J].J Climate, 27(24):9233-9252.
[39]Yang K, Chen Y Y, Qin J.2009.Some practical notes on the land surface modeling in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 13(5):687-701.
[40]Yang K, Wu H, Qin J, Lin C, Tang W, Chen Y.2014.Recent climate changes over the Tibetan Plateau and their impacts on energy and water cycle:A review[J].Global and Planetary Change, 112:79-91.
[41]Zinke P J, Stangenberger A, Post W, et al.1986.Worldwide organic carbon and nitrogen data[R].Tenessee:ONRL/CDIC-18, Carbon Dioxide Information Centre, Oak Ridge National Lab.
[42]Chen Boli, Luo Siqiong, Lü Shihua, et al.2014.Validation and comparison of the simulation at Zoigê station during freezing and thawing with land surface model CLM[J].Climatic and Environmental Research, 19 (5):649-658.<br/>陈渤黎, 罗斯琼, 吕世华, 等.2014.陆面模式CLM对若尔盖站冻融期模拟性能的检验与对比[J].气候与环境研究, 19(5):649-658.
[43]Feng Qi, Su Yonghong, Si Jianhua, et al.2013.Ecohydrological transect surveyof Heihe River basin[J].Adv Earth Sci, 28(2):187-196.<br/>冯起, 苏永红, 司建华, 等.2013.黑河流域生态水文样带调查[J].地球科学进展, 28(2):187-196.
[44]Jin Feng, Yang Hao, Cai Zucong, et al.2001.Calculation of density and reserve of organic carbon in soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica, 38(4):522-528.<br/>金峰, 杨浩, 蔡祖聪, 等.2001.土壤有机碳密度及储量的统计研究[J].土壤学报, 38(4):522-528.
[45]Li Mingxing, Ma Zhuguo, Niu Guoyue.2011.Modeling spatial and temporal variations in soil moisture in China[J].Chinese Sci Bull, 56(16):1288-1300.<br/>李明星, 马柱国, 牛国跃.2011.中国区域土壤湿度变化的时空特征模拟研究[J].科学通报, 56(16):1288-1300.
[46]Li Xin, Li Xiaowen, Li Zengyuan, et al.2012.Progresses on the Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (WATER)[J].Remote Sensing Technolgy and Application, 27(5):637-649.<br/>李新, 李小文, 李增元, 等.2012.黑河综合遥感联合试验研究进展:概述[J].遥感技术与应用, 27(5):637-649.
[47]Li Zhenkun, Wu Bingyi, Zhu Weijun, et al.2011.Improvement and validation of the frozen soil parameterization scheme used in NCAR CL M 3.0 model[J].Climatic Environ Res, 16(2):137-148.<br/>李震坤, 武炳义, 朱伟军, 等.2011.CLM3.0模式中冻土过程参数化的改进及模拟试验[J].气候与环境研究, 16(2):137-48.
[48]Lin Zhaohui, Liu Huizhi, Xie Zhenghui, et al.2008.Recent progress in the land-surface and hydrological process studies[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci, 32(4):935-949.<br/>林朝晖, 刘辉志, 谢正辉, 等.2008.陆面水文过程研究进展[J].大气科学, 32(4):935-949.
[49]Luo Siqiong, Lü Shihua, Zhang Yu, et al.2008.Simulation analysis on land surface process of BJ site of central Tibetan Plateau usin g CoLM[J].Plateau Meteor, 27(2):259-271.<br/>罗斯琼, 吕世华, 张宇, 等.2008.CoLM模式对青藏高原中部BJ站陆面过程的数值模拟[J].高原气象, 27(2):259-271.
[50]Ma Qin, Liu Xin, Li Weiping, et al.2014.Simulation of thermal and hydraulic properties affected by organic and gravel soil over the Tibetan Plateau during summer[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci, 38 (2):337-351.<br/>马琴, 刘新, 李伟平, 等.2014.青藏高原夏季土壤有机质及砾石影响水热传输特性的数值模拟[J].大气科学, 38(2):337-351.
[51]Ma Yaoming, Hu Zeyong, Tian Lide, et al.2014.Study progresses of the Tibet Plateau climate system change and mechanism of its impact on East Asia[J].Adv Earth Sci, 29(2):207-215.<br/>马耀明, 胡泽勇, 田立德, 等.2014.青藏高原气候系统变化及其对东亚区域的影响与机制研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 29(2):207-215.
[52]Shi Jiancheng, Du Yang, Du Jinyang, et al.2012.Progresses on microwave remotesensing of land surface parameters[J].Science China Earth Sciences, 55:1052-1078.<br/>施建成, 杜阳, 杜今阳, 等.2012.微波遥感地表参数反演进展[J].2012.中国科学:地球科学, 42(6):814-42.
[53]Xia K, Luo Y, Li W P.2011.Simulation offreezing and melting of soil on the northeast Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Sci Bull, 56(22):1828-1838.<br/>夏坤, 罗勇, 李伟平.2011.青藏高原东北部土壤冻融过程的数值模拟[J].科学通报, 56(22):1828-1838.
[54]Xiong Jiansheng, Zhang Yu, Wang Shaoying, et al.2014.Influenceof soil moisture transmission scheme improvement in CLM4.0 on Simulation of land surface processin Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor, 33(2):323-336.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00012.<br/>熊建胜, 张宇, 王少影, 等.2014.CLM4.0土壤水分传输方案改进在青藏高原陆面过程模拟中的效应[J].高原气, 33(2):323-336.
[55]Xiong Mingming, Chen Haishan, Yu Miao.2011.Simulation of land surface processes over China and its validation Part Ⅱ:Soil moisture[J].Sci Meteor Sinica, 31(1):1-10.<br/>熊明明, 陈海山, 俞淼.2011.CLM3.0对中国区域陆面过程的模拟试验及评估Ⅱ:土壤湿度[J].气象科学, 31(1):1-10.
