论文

垂直运动对雾-霾及空气污染过程的影响分析

  • 孙兴池 ,
  • 韩永清 ,
  • 李静 ,
  • 康桂红 ,
  • 万明波
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  • 山东省气象台, 济南 250031

收稿日期: 2015-11-30

  网络出版日期: 2017-08-28

基金资助

山东省气象局重点项目(2014sdqxz01)

Analysis of the Influence of Vertical Movement on the Process of Fog and Haze with Air Pollution

  • SUN Xingchi ,
  • HAN Yongqing ,
  • LI Jing ,
  • KANG Guihong ,
  • WAN Mingbo
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  • Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 250031, China

Received date: 2015-11-30

  Online published: 2017-08-28

摘要

应用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析2013年山东分别出现雾和霾的两次严重污染过程,结果表明:(1)大气静稳状态时,500 hPa为脊前西-西北气流,850 hPa为暖脊,有弱暖平流,地面气压场较弱,易出现逆温、混合层高度低、风速小,导致大气水平和垂直扩散能力差。850 hPa弱上升和700 hPa弱下沉,造成高空干洁大气和地面“脏”空气对峙的局面,垂直交换停滞是雾-霾和污染持续的根本原因。(2)强冷空气驱散雾-霾的过程,正是打破了空气垂直交换停滞的状态,使得高空清洁大气能够下沉到地面。空气质量的根本改善由垂直交换完成。(3)弱冷空气伴随的弱下沉运动和锋面附近整层上升运动能够减轻污染。(4)冷锋过后剧烈下降的地面露点温度即是高空干洁大气到达地面的标志。

本文引用格式

孙兴池 , 韩永清 , 李静 , 康桂红 , 万明波 . 垂直运动对雾-霾及空气污染过程的影响分析[J]. 高原气象, 2017 , 36(4) : 1106 -1114 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00076

Abstract

Using conventional observations and the NCEP 1°×1° analysis, one severe fog process and one severe haze process occurred in Shandong province in 2013 are analyzed. The main results are as follows:(1) The stagnancy of vertical exchanges is the critical characteristic for the duration of fog and haze. The meteorological conditions for fog and haze are west-northwestlies to the east of the 500 hPa ridge, the weak warm advection near the 850 hPa warm ridge, and the weak pressure system on the surface. The conditions are propitious to temperature inversion, low mixed layer height and small winds, thus leading to weak horizontal and vertical diffusions. The weak ascent at 850 hPa and the weak descent at 700 hPa cause the stalemate between the upper clean air and the lower dirty air. (2) The restoration of vertical exchanges is the key to air quality improvement. The strong cold air breaks the stable meteorological conditions, hence the upper dry and clean air can sink to the ground. (3) The fog and haze can be mitigated by the weak descent of the weak cold air and the near-front ascent of the whole atmosphere. (4) The dramatic decrease of surface dew point after the passage of the cold front indicates that the upper dry and clean air has reached the ground.

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