高原气象

高原气象 >

2017 , Vol. 36 >Issue 4: 1127 - 1137

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00095

论文

大气边界层与风力发电的相互作用研究综述

  • 张双益 ,
  • 胡非
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  • 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;中国三峡新能源有限公司, 北京 100053

收稿日期: 2016-07-26

  网络出版日期: 2017-08-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（11472272）

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Review on Study of Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Wind Power Generation Interaction

  • ZHANG Shuangyi ,
  • HU Fei
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  • State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;China Three Gorges New Energy Company Limited, Beijing 100053, China

Received date: 2016-07-26

  Online published: 2017-08-28

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摘要

大气边界层与风力发电的相互作用是近年来的新兴研究热点，具有重要科学意义和高度应用价值。一方面，大气边界层的风切变现象可导致风电机组的输出功率减小、机械载荷增大；湍流现象在低（高）风速段导致机组的输出功率增大（减小），但对机械载荷具有单调增大的影响；大气边界层具有显著的日变化规律，层结状态的改变影响着地面风场的结构和特性，并导致风电机组的输出功率和机械载荷随之发生变化。另一方面，风电机组的叶轮旋转施加了扰动效应，导致下风向的风速减小、湍流增大，并且具有复杂空间分布特征；而大型风电场或风电基地产生的巨大扰动效应可影响和改变边界层的整体结构和特性，并影响局地甚至全球气候环境。

关键词： 大气边界层; 风力发电; 输出功率; 机械载荷; 尾流效应

本文引用格式

张双益 , 胡非 . 大气边界层与风力发电的相互作用研究综述[J]. 高原气象, 2017 , 36(4) : 1127 -1137 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00095

Abstract

Atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and wind power generation (WPG) interaction has become one of the hottest research subjects in recent years, and its study has both important scientific significance and high industrial value. Beginning with introduction of WPG's fundamentals and theories, this paper describes and discusses principles and mechanisms of ABL and WPG interaction, and also summarizes and concludes the latest study progresses in the field. The influence of ABL on WPG is mainly concerned with two aspects:The wind turbine's output power and mechanical load, which play key roles in the wind turbine's energy production and structural integrity. The Wind turbine's output power and mechanical load generally increase with wind speed, and they also were found to be affected by structure and characteristic of ABL's ground wind field in recent studies. Due to wildly existence of wind shear phenomena in ABL, the wind turbine's output power is decreased and mechanical load is increased. Turbulence phenomena have both positive influence on the wind turbine's output power in low wind speed section, and negative influence in high wind speed section. However, the wind turbine's mechanical load monotonically increases with turbulence intensity increasing. ABL's stratification stability has significant diurnal variation, along with changing ground wind field's structure and characteristic (such as wind shear and turbulence), and accordingly affects wind turbines' output power and mechanical load characteristics. The mechanisms of ABL's influence on WPG need to be further investigated, and the mathematic-physical models for practical engineering need to be established. The wind turbine absorbs wind energy by blades and rotor rotating, which accordingly exerts perturbation effect on the air flow. As a consequence, the downwind area's wind speed is decreased and turbulence is increased, and both of them were found having complex space distributions in latest studies. The so-called "wake effect" not only has negative influences on the wind turbine's output power and mechanical load, but also can change local meteorological elements and weather processes. Large scale wind farms or wind power bases, which extend tens of kilometers and planting hundreds of wind turbines, can produce huge perturbation effect and then change the whole structure and characteristic of ABL. The inner boundary layer model of "infinite" wind farm was developed to estimate ground wind field's wind speed and turbulence properties in large scale wind farms' affection scenario. The model was applied not only in wind energy industry for calculation of wind turbines' output power and mechanical load, but also in atmospheric science study for assessment impact of today's world-wide rapid growth of WPG on local and global climate-environment change.

Key words： Atmospheric boundary; Wind power generatio; Output power; Mechanical load; Wake effect

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