高原气象

高原气象 >

2017 , Vol. 36 >Issue 6: 1630 - 1637

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00115

论文

蒸散发模型结合微气象数据模拟陆面蒸散发研究进展

  • 高冠龙 ,
  • 冯起 ,
  • 张小由 ,
  • 鱼腾飞
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  • 山西大学, 山西 太原 030006;中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 甘肃 兰州 730000

收稿日期: 2015-07-03

  网络出版日期: 2017-12-28

基金资助

中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点试验室（90Y290F41）；国家自然科学基金项目（41401033）

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Review on Modeling Evapotranspiration of Land Surface Based on the Evapotranspiration Models and Micro-Meteorological Data

  • GAO Guanlong ,
  • FENG Qi ,
  • ZHANG Xiaoyou ,
  • YU Tengfei
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  • Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

Received date: 2015-07-03

  Online published: 2017-12-28

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摘要

蒸散发是水循环和能量平衡过程中的重要组成部分。通过归纳总结蒸散发模拟研究中最常用的模型，汇总分析了各模型的结构、参数意义、适用条件、改进与应用等方面。结果表明：Penman（P）模型适用于计算潜在蒸散发；Penman-Monteith（P-M）模型没有区分土壤蒸发和植被蒸腾的不同过程，不适于计算稀疏植被蒸散发。对于模型中冠层阻力rc的估算，目前最常用的方法是基于Katerji-Perrier（K-P）模型和Todorovic（T）模型计算求出；Priestley-Taylor（P-T）模型虽然结构简单，但是通过对参数α进行校准，其模拟精度往往较高；McNaughton-Black（M-B）模型是基于冷杉林这一特定植被类型提出的，且未考虑空气动力学阻力（ra）对蒸散发的影响，因而该模型的应用受到限制；Shuttleworth-Wallace（S-W）模型适用于稀疏植被覆盖条件下的蒸散发模拟，近年来学者们通过对S-W模型进行改进，以期提高模型模拟精度。然而，模型结构及所需参数数量均未得到优化；改进的双源（S-S-W）模型与S-W模型相比，从模型结构及参数数量方面都得到了改进，但是其适用性目前还未得到广泛验证；Clumping（C）模型的结构极其复杂，所需参数很多，一定程度上限制了其应用。未来蒸散发模型的发展方向应该是针对不同的环境条件、植被类型和下垫面状况，以更高精度的测定仪器为前提，在原有的模型基础上进行修正，或者通过模型之间的耦合，提出结构更加简单、参数更少的模型。

关键词： 蒸散发; 阻力参数; 模拟

本文引用格式

高冠龙 , 冯起 , 张小由 , 鱼腾飞 . 蒸散发模型结合微气象数据模拟陆面蒸散发研究进展[J]. 高原气象, 2017 , 36(6) : 1630 -1637 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00115

Abstract

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the key component of water cycles and energy balance. This paper summarized and analyzed the structures, meanings of parameters, application conditions, and improvement and application of the most commonly used models. Results indicated that:The P model is only suitable for calculating potential ET; The P-M model, without partitioning evaporation and transpiration, is not suitable for sparse vegetation. There are two ways for calculating rc of the P-M model, namely using the Katerji-Perrier (K-P) model and the Todorovic (T) model; The P-T model can always give the most accurate estimates by calibrating α value despite its simple structure; The M-B model was proposed on the basis of fir forests and without considering the influence of ra on ET, so its application is restricted; The S-W model is suitable for sparse vegetation, and researchers have mainly focused on improving the model accuracy under specific conditions. However, the complexity and number of parameters were also increased; The S-S-W model has a simpler structure, which reduces the number of parameters and improves the opplicability of a dual-source model. However, the applicability needs to be tested in the future; The C model was rarely used due to the complex structure and a number of parameters. Research in the future will mainly focus on proposing simpler models by calibrating and coupling the ET models, which are on the basis of accurate measurements of the parameters in different natural ecosystems and under various environmental conditions.

Key words： Evapotranspiration; resistances; modeling

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