高原气象

高原气象 >

2018 , Vol. 37 >Issue 5: 1188 - 1198

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00022

论文

近60年青藏高原东北缘极端气温事件与气温日较差分析——以西宁地区为例

  • 陈锐杰 ,
  • 刘峰贵 ,
  • 陈琼 ,
  • 毛旭锋 ,
  • 周强
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  • 青海师范大学地理科学学院, 青海 西宁 810008;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室, 北京 100101;中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心, 北京 100101

收稿日期: 2017-09-15

  网络出版日期: 2018-10-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（41271123，41261010）；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA20090000）

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Variations of Extreme Air Temperature Events and Diurnal Temperature Range in Xining, Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 1955 to 2015

  • CHEN Ruijie ,
  • LIU Fenggui ,
  • CHEN Qiong ,
  • MAO Xufeng ,
  • ZHOU Qiang
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  • College of Life and Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received date: 2017-09-15

  Online published: 2018-10-28

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摘要

根据1955-2015年西宁气象站逐日气温资料，通过线性倾向估计等分析方法，选取14个极端气温指数，分析西宁地区近60年极端气温事件与气温日较差的时间变化趋势及二者的相关性，并与全国其他区域进行对比。结果表明：（1）近60年来，西宁地区的14个极端气温指数都呈现不同程度的变化，热指数夏日日数、暖夜日数、暖昼日数、作物生长期和热持续指数等分别以2.07，0.72，1.49，2.57和0.87 d·（10a）-1的趋势增加，而冷指数冰冻日数、霜日日数、冷夜日数、冷昼日数和冷持续指数分别以-2.42，-0.29，-0.33，-1.3和-0.31 d·（10a）-1的趋势减小。极端气温极值指数中，日最高气温的极低值、日最低气温的极低值、日最高气温的极高值、日最低气温的极高值分别为0.51，0.17，0.35和0.15℃·（10a）-1的趋势增加。（2）在变化趋势中，日最高气温的极低值、日最高气温的极高值、冰冻日数、夏日日数、冷昼日数、暖昼日数、作物生长期和热持续日数的变化趋势为达到0.01或0.05的显著性水平。（3）表征极端气温事件热指数与冷指数、昼指数与夜指数的变化幅度均显示出明显的非对称性。（4）过去60年西宁地区平均全年与春夏秋冬四季的气温日较差都呈现增加趋势，增长率分别为0.25，0.27，0.21，0.15和0.36℃·（10a）-1，该地区的14个极端气温指数的变化均不同程度影响到平均全年与四季气温日较差，其中，极端气温绝对指数和相对指数与气温日较差的相关性最强，对气温日较差影响显著。（5）青藏高原东北缘极端气温事件与气温日较差具有特殊性，可能受多气候系统控制和特殊地形等因素影响。

关键词： 青藏高原; 极端气温事件; 气温日较差

本文引用格式

陈锐杰 , 刘峰贵 , 陈琼 , 毛旭锋 , 周强 . 近60年青藏高原东北缘极端气温事件与气温日较差分析——以西宁地区为例[J]. 高原气象, 2018 , 37(5) : 1188 -1198 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00022

Abstract

Based on the daily temperature (maximum, minimum and average) data of Xining station from 1955 to 2015, the methods of linear and correlation analysis were employed to analyze the temporal variability and correlation of climate extremes and diurnal temperature range.The results are as follows:(1) The magnitudes of changes in warm indices show a increasing trend and cold indices show a decreasing trend.The occurrence of summer days, warm nights, warm days, growing season length and warm spell duration days show increasing trends at the rate of 2.07, 0.72, 1.49, 2.57, and 0.87 d·(10a)-1, respectively.The occurrence of ice days, frost days, cold nights, cold days and cold spell duration days has decreased by -2.42, -0.29, -0.33, -1.3 and -0.31 d·(10a)-1, respectively.The tendency rate of monthly minimum value of daily maximum (minimum) temperature and monthly maximum value of daily maximum (minimum) temperature is 0.51, 0.17, 0.35 and 0.15℃·(10a)-1.(2) The occurrence of monthly minimum value of daily maximum temperature, monthly maximum value of daily maximum temperature, ice days, summer days, cold days, warm days, growing season length and warm spell duration days shows statistically significant trends and reach a significant level of 0.01 or 0.05.(3) The magnitudes of changes in warm indices and cold indices, night indices and day indices with symmetrical.(4)The annual diurnal temperature range in Xining has obvious trend with inclining rate of 0.25℃·(10a)-1.In four seasons, the occurrence of spring, summer, autumn and winter show increasing trends at the rate of 0.27, 0.21, 0.15 and 0.36℃·(10a)-1, respectively.The annual diurnal temperature range and the diurnal temperature range in spring, summer, autumn and winter under the influence of extreme temperature events by different degrees.The absolute indices and relative indices has significant effect on the diurnal temperature range.(5) Extreme temperature events and diurnal temperature range in Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has its own particularity, may be affected by a variety of climate control system and special terrain and other factors.

Key words： Qinghai-Tibetan Plat; extreme air temperat; diurnal temperature

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