高原气象

高原气象 >

2018 , Vol. 37 >Issue 6: 1655 - 1670

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00058

论文

两类春季极端低温的年代际特征与欧亚环流异常关系对比

  • 徐玮平 ,
  • 张杰 ,
  • 陈志恒
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  • 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室, 南京信息工程大学, 江苏 南京 210044

收稿日期: 2018-01-11

  网络出版日期: 2018-12-28

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFA0600702）；国家自然科学基金重点项目（41630426）

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Comparative Analysis of Abnormal Relationship between Two Types of Decadal Characteristics of Extreme Low Temperature in Spring and the Eurasian Circulation

  • XU Weiping ,
  • ZHANG Jie ,
  • CHEN Zhiheng
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  • Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China

Received date: 2018-01-11

  Online published: 2018-12-28

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摘要

利用中国北方501个观测站温度资料、ECMWF再分析资料及Hadley海温数据分析了华北地区春季极端低温的时空特征，并对20世纪80年代前后、21世纪两类年代际极端降温的大气环流异常特征进行对比。结果表明，21世纪极端降温的环流形势从北大西洋至欧亚大陆呈"准两波型"的结构，波长较长，稳定性较好，低温持续时间长，并且在中高纬度存在明显的波列结构；而20世纪80年代前后极端低温环流形势呈"三波型"结构，波长较短，稳定性较差，低温持续时间较短，且在中高纬度波列结构不明显。北大西洋海温在1997年有明显的转折。1997年以前格陵兰岛南面附近的北大西洋洋面能量向东频散，通过西西伯利亚关键区，激发欧亚型EU波列，加强了气旋式异常环流，有利于低温的维持和发展。可能是存在两个能量频散源地的原因，使得80年代的EU波列波长较21世纪偏短。而1997年以后格陵兰岛以东洋面为关键强迫源，能量向东频散，有利于EU的加强，贝加尔湖西南部槽加强，形成气旋式异常中心，有利于低温的维持。格陵兰岛东侧海温异常热力强迫，可激发出EU型遥相关，在其下游的欧洲大陆形成暖脊，脊向北加强，然后收缩与鄂霍茨克海高压脊直接形成大槽，致使华北地区上空气旋式异常加强，环流易稳定维持，从而使得华北地区温度加剧下降，易发生极端低温事件。该结果反映了华北地区极端低温的年代际特征及其两类极端低温环流形势异常的部分成因，从而为预测极端低温事件提取某些信号。

关键词： 春季极端低温; 年代际特征; 欧亚型遥相关; 海温异常

本文引用格式

徐玮平 , 张杰 , 陈志恒 . 两类春季极端低温的年代际特征与欧亚环流异常关系对比[J]. 高原气象, 2018 , 37(6) : 1655 -1670 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00058

Abstract

Based on daily temperature data from 501 stations in northern China, the reanalyze data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the sea temperature data from Hadley Center (Hadley), this paper investigated the temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme low temperature in spring in North China and compared the characteristics of atmospheric abnormal circulation between the two types of decadal extreme low temperature in the around 1980s and the 21st century. The results indicated that the situation of extreme low temperature circulation in 21st century presents a "quasi-2-wave" structure from the North Atlantic to Eurasia, with longer wavelength, better stability, longer duration at low temperature, and obvious wave trains structure at mid-high latitudes; However, the extreme low temperature circulation in the around 1980s presents a "3-wave" structure, with shorter wavelength, poorer stability, shorter duration at low temperature, and less obvious wave trains structure at mid-high latitudes. The North Atlantic sea surface temperature has a significant turning point in 1997. Before 1997, the energy of the North Atlantic near the south of Greenland was propagated eastwards, and the Eurasian wave train (EU) was excited through the key West Siberia area. The cyclonic abnormal circulation was enhanced, which was conductive to the maintenance and development of low temperature. There may be two sources of energy dispersion reason, making the EU wavelength of the 1980s shorter than the 21st century. However, after 1997, the ocean surface east of Greenland became the key forcing source. The energy propagated to the east is in favor of EU strengthening. The trough in southwestern part of Lake Baikal was strengthened to form a cyclonic abnormal center, which was conductive to the maintenance of low temperature. On the eastern side of Greenland, the sea surface temperature anomalies thermal forcing can stimulate EU teleconnection, form warm ridges on the downstream Eurasian continent, strengthen to the north and then contract with the Okhotsk Sea ridge directly, resulting in a Cyclone anomaly to strengthen and the circulation prone to maintain stability, making the North China temperature drop, prone to extreme low temperature events. The results reflect the interdecadal characteristics of extreme low temperatures in North China and some causes of the abnormal of the two types of extreme low temperature circulation, to extract certain signal for predicting extreme low temperature events.

Key words： Extreme low temperat; decadal characterist; Eurasian teleconnect; sea surface temperat

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