高原气象

高原气象 >

2019 , Vol. 38 >Issue 1: 187 - 195

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00111

论文

高寒草地沙化过程的气候因子分析

  • 张余 ,
  • 张克存 ,
  • 孟宪红 ,
  • 安志山
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  • 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 甘肃 兰州 730000;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期: 2018-06-25

  网络出版日期: 2019-02-28

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0504801）；国家自然科学基金项目（41871016）

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Climatic Factors of Desertification Process in Alpine Meadow

  • ZHANG Yu ,
  • ZHANG Kecun ,
  • MENG Xianhong ,
  • AN Zhishan
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  • Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Ecological-Environmental and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2018-06-25

  Online published: 2019-02-28

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摘要

利用高寒地区2000、2005、2010和2016年植被的NDVI和1971-2016年的气象要素数据，分析了高寒草地沙化的主要气候驱动因子和机制。结果表明：（1）2000-2016年，NDVI呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势。中北部NDVI值最先开始减小，并逐渐向川西北扩张。（2）20世纪90年代开始，研究区气温逐年上升，2000年以后增温趋势尤为显著。降水量逐年趋于减小，未发生显著变化，降水主要集中在夏季，日照时数呈减小趋势。21世纪以来，中北部平均风速呈增加趋势。（3）对NDVI解释力最大的因子是气温和降水，但随着时间推移，日照时数和风速的解释力逐渐增强。因子交互结果均表现为双因子增强或非线性增强，彼此之间的综合作用对沙化进程的影响较大。（4）玛曲和若尔盖多大风和沙尘暴天气，玛曲近3年的合成输沙方向均为SSE，属于低风能环境，风向变率为中比率，高风速级的输沙势占比重有所增加，风沙活动强度自西北向东南方向增强。综合来看，气温升高和降水减少是草地沙化的主导因子，日照时数影响草地植被的生长，风速、风向决定了沙化速率和蔓延方向。

关键词： 草地沙化; 气候变化; 植被指数

本文引用格式

张余 , 张克存 , 孟宪红 , 安志山 . 高寒草地沙化过程的气候因子分析[J]. 高原气象, 2019 , 38(1) : 187 -195 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00111

Abstract

Based on indexes of NDVI and meteorological data in alpine meadow, the main climatic driving factors and mechanism of desertification in alpine meadow were studied. Results indicated as follows:(1) the value of NDVI presents a trend of increasing and then decreasing during 2000-2016, northern and middle of study area is first to decrease and gradually expended to northwest of Sichuan. (2) The air temperature is sustained warming since 1990s, and the upward trend is obvious after 2000.The general tendency of precipitation is decrease and chiefly concentrated in summer with no significant change, sunshine duration showed a downward trend. Annual average wind velocity showed an upward trend since 2000.(3) Air temperature and precipitation are the crucially influencing factors of NDVI, along with time-lapse, the explanatory power of sunshine duration and wind velocity are gradually increased. The interactive q values between two factors are higher than any q value of separated factors, and most of the interactive results belongs to bivariate enhancement or nonlinear enhancement, the interactive effect between each factor has great influence on the desertification process. (4) The gale and sandstorm occurred frequently in Zoige and Maqu, resultant sand transporting direction (RDD) was SSE with low wind energy environment and medium wind direction variability in Maqu during 2014-2016, the proportion of DP at high wind velocity level has increased, and the intensity of sand activity is enhanced from northwest to southeast. Consequently, rising temperature and decreasing precipitation are the dominant factors for meadow desertification, the growth of vegetation is affected by sunshine duration, and the desertification rate and spreading direction are determined by sand activity.

Key words： Meadow desertificati; climate change; NDVI

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