高原气象

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2019 , Vol. 38 >Issue 6: 1283 - 1292

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2019.00006

论文

2016年8月甘肃省持续性高温过程及其异常大气环流特征

  • 叶培龙 ,
  • 刘新伟 ,
  • 赵文婧 ,
  • 杨晓军 ,
  • 李艳 ,
  • 刘卫平
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  • 兰州中心气象台, 甘肃 兰州 730020;甘肃省气象服务中心, 甘肃 兰州 730020;兰州大学大气科学学院, 甘肃 兰州 730000;西北区域气候中心, 甘肃 兰州 730020

收稿日期: 2018-07-18

  网络出版日期: 2019-12-28

基金资助

精细化格点预报订正关键技术研究[YBGJXM（2018）03-04]；西北地区灾害性天气延伸期预报关键技术及业务应用[YBGJXM（2019）04-06]；国家自然科学基金项目（41805060）

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Analysis of Continuous High Temperature Process and Its Anomalous Atmospheric Circulation Characteristics over Gansu Province in August 2016

  • YE Peilong ,
  • LIU Xinwei ,
  • ZHAO Wenjing ,
  • YANG Xiaojun ,
  • LI Yan ,
  • LIU Weiping
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  • Lanzhou Center Meteorological Observatory, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China;Gansu Meteorological Service Center, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China;College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China;Northwest Regional Climate Center, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China

Received date: 2018-07-18

  Online published: 2019-12-28

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摘要

利用1960-2016年甘肃省81个测站的逐日气温资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，对2016年8月发生在甘肃省的高温天气基本特征及高温期间异常环流特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：（1）2016年夏季高温日数甘肃东部地区大部分站点比气候平均值多5天左右；尤其是7月底至8月下旬的高温天气过程，不论是高温天气强度，还是高温天气范围，均为历史罕见。（2）高温发生期间，南亚高压中心较同期偏北5~10个纬距，且中心略向东偏移，造成冷空气不易南下；副热带西风急流中心覆盖面积明显扩大，急流核的位置偏北3~5个纬距，急流中心区向东明显移动，且分布形态由纬向型转为经向型，对高温天气的发展维持有重要作用。（3）受南亚高压、副热带西风急流的影响，大陆暖高压异常强大稳定，同时，乌拉尔山阻塞高压出现天数达10天以上，抑制西风带槽脊系统的东移，甘肃境内难以形成有效的降温降水天气。（4）甘肃境内水汽含量虽较往年偏多约20%，尤其是甘肃西部地区，但水汽辐散偏强，不易形成降水；此外，下沉气流异常偏强，高层空气下沉增温，有利于高温天气的发展与维持。

关键词： 甘肃省; 高温天气; 异常环流特征; 南亚高压

本文引用格式

叶培龙 , 刘新伟 , 赵文婧 , 杨晓军 , 李艳 , 刘卫平 . 2016年8月甘肃省持续性高温过程及其异常大气环流特征[J]. 高原气象, 2019 , 38(6) : 1283 -1292 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2019.00006

Abstract

Based on the daily temperature data at 81 stations of Gansu province and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1960 to 2016, the general characteristics and the possible anomalous atmospheric circulation effect of continuous heat wave occurred in Gansu province during the August of 2016 had been analyzed and investigated. The results were shown as follows:(1) The number of high temperature days was significantly more than the historical average during the summer of 2016, and most stations in eastern of Gansu province increased by about 5 days; in particular, the high temperature process from the end of July to the late August, which was rarely occurred in history no matter the intensity or the range of high temperature. (2) The South Asia High became stronger and the center position located to 5~10 degree north to the average, South Asia High center slightly shifted to the east, thus, the cold air was not conducive to move towards South areas. The East Asia Subtropical westerly jet was significantly strong and shifted to the North, about 3~5 degree north, meanwhile, its distribution pattern changed from latitudinal to meridional, enhanced the downdraft on south of jet axis, which played an important role in the maintenance and development of high temperature. (3) Affected by the anomalous South Asia High and East Asia Subtropical westerly jet, the continental warm high pressure was extremely strong and stable, meanwhile, the frequency of Ural blocking was about more than 10 days, and the meridional pattern inhibited the eastward movement of ridge-trough system, which was difficult to form effective cooling and precipitation weather. (4) Although the moisture was twenty percent more than normal, particularly in western region, the moisture divergence was strong, therefore, it is difficult to form the effective precipitation; in addition, the downdraft was more significant than the average, caused the warmer air by descending draft in the middle and upper stratosphere, which was conducive to develop and maintain the high temperature weather. Based on the daily temperature data at 81 stations of Gansu province and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1960 to 2016, the general characteristics and the possible anomalous atmospheric circulation effect of continuous heat wave occurred in Gansu province during the August of 2016 had been analyzed and investigated. The results were shown as follows:(1) The number of high temperature days was significantly more than the historical average during the summer of 2016, and most stations in eastern of Gansu province increased by about 5 days; in particular, the high temperature process from the end of July to the late August, which was rarely occurred in history no matter the intensity or the range of high temperature. (2) The South Asia High became stronger and the center position located to 5~10 degree north to the average, South Asia High center slightly shifted to the east, thus, the cold air was not conducive to move towards South areas. The East Asia Subtropical westerly jet was significantly strong and shifted to the North, about 3~5 degree north, meanwhile, its distribution pattern changed from latitudinal to meridional, enhanced the downdraft on south of jet axis, which played an important role in the maintenance and development of high temperature. (3) Affected by the anomalous South Asia High and East Asia Subtropical westerly jet, the continental warm high pressure was extremely strong and stable, meanwhile, the frequency of Ural blocking was about more than 10 days, and the meridional pattern inhibited the eastward movement of ridge-trough system, which was difficult to form effective cooling and precipitation weather. (4) Although the moisture was twenty percent more than normal, particularly in western region, the moisture divergence was strong, therefore, it is difficult to form the effective precipitation; in addition, the downdraft was more significant than the average, caused the warmer air by descending draft in the middle and upper stratosphere, which was conducive to develop and maintain the high temperature weather.

Key words： Gansu province; high temperature wea; anomalous atmospheri; South Asian High

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