By utilizing the Severe Weather Automatic Nowcast System (SWAN) 3D mosaic products and lightning locating data from 2014 to 2018, the relationship between lightning activity and radar echo characteristics in Central China is investigated and their functional fits under two different terrains of plains and mountains are established for calculating lightning-proxy reflectivity. It was found that the frequency and area of lightning have strong linear correlations with the areas of 40~45 dBZ and 45~50 dBZ reflectivity and the maximum reflectivity, and little correlations with the areas of 50~55 dBZ reflectivity. Under the two terrain conditions of mountain and plain, the fitted S-shape curve of column maximum reflectivity as a function of lightning ground stroke densities are effective. On 13 km grid, a S-shape curve in plain areas is distinctly above that in mountain areas. The fitting values of the two curves are larger than those of the preliminary linear and non-linear relationships within the cloud analysis of the Grid point Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis package (developed by NCEP), whereas the growth rates of the two S-shape curves are close to that of linear relationship in the GSI cloud analysis system. On 3 km grid, the S-shape curve in the plain slightly exceeds that in the mountain. By using S-shape curve fitting formulas and the GSI empirical formulas to estimate radar echo, the lightning-proxy reflectivity derived by S-shape curve fitting is very corresponding to the high frequency region of lightning flashes and the strong radar echo field. And the new proxy reflectivity intensity on 13 km grid, which is less accurate than that on 3-km grid, is larger than the reflectivity derived via the preliminary empirical formulas within the GSI and is closer to the observed radar reflectivity value. If the difference of the terrains is not considered, the radar reflectivity values are often underestimated in plain areas and overestimated in mountain areas.
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