In order to deeply understand the correlation mechanism between runoff change and extreme temperature and precipitation indices in the upper reaches of Heihe River, the article use the daily temperature, precipitation data of Qilian, Tuole, Yeniugou meteorological stations and daily runoff data of the Yingluoxia hydrological station in the upper reaches of the Heihe River from 1960 to 2014, by means of trend analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and principal component analysis to analyze the trends of climate indices and extreme hydrological events, and the correlation relationship between extreme climate indices and runoff, and the hysteresis effect of extream flooding on precipitation in the upper reaches of the Heihe River.The results show that： (1) The temperature indices characterized by low temperature in the upper reaches of the Heihe River shows a downward trend, and the extreme temperature indices indicating high temperature shows an upward trend.Extreme precipitation events showed a slight increase.Extreme flooding showed an increasing trend, and extreme low water showed a significant decreasing trend, which was consistent with the increasing trend of total runoff in the upper reaches of the Heihe River.(2) The correlation between extreme precipitation indices and extreme flooding is significant, indicating that precipitation in the upper reaches of the Heihe River is the main factor affecting runoff.(3) The response of the flood to the precipitation of the Qilian station has a lag of 1~2 days, Based on the preliminary analysis, it is concluded that the time and spatial difference of precipitation in the upper reaches of Heihe River and the difference of river network density in the east and west branches are the leading factors to produce hysteresis response.
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