作为一种清洁的可再生能源, 风电在过去几十年中取得了快速的发展, 目前中国风电装机容量居世界第一。虽然风机运行过程中不会造成污染或温室气体的直接排放, 但会改变风力发电场区域地表状况, 进而对大气形成潜在的扰动和影响。本研究利用大气数值模式WRF, 结合两种风轮机参数化方案（地表粗糙度增加参数化方案和风机曳力参数化方案）, 探讨了中国北方大型风力发电场对大气要素（风速, 湍流和温度）的潜在扰动及影响。通过敏感性实验研究表明, 大型风力发电场会造成风电场内部和其临近区域风速的衰减, 且冬季（1月）的衰减程度明显强于夏季（7月）。另外由于风轮机产生的湍动动能增加了空气的垂直混合, 造成冬季（1月）风电场内部和下游地区在风轮机轮毂高度处和地表空气温度的上升, 且轮毂处升温强度略高于地面。在夏季（7月）, 风轮机也导致在风电场临近区域地表和轮毂高度处的温度发生变化。考虑到风轮机在叶片转动区域产生大量的湍动动能, 推断地面和轮毂高度温度升高主要是由于湍流混合增强, 形成了湍流逆温效应。
As a clean and renewable energy source, wind power has made rapid development in the past few decades.Currently, China has the largest installed wind power capacity in the world.Although the turbine does not generate direct emission of pollution or greenhouse gas during the operation of the wind turbine, it could change the surface condition within the wind farms area and cause potential disturbance and impact on the atmosphere.In this study, using a weather research and foresting (WRF) model incorporating two wind farm parameterizations schemes (the increased aerodynamic roughness length scheme and the wind turbine drag force scheme), we assessed quantitatively the impact of large-scale wind farms in northern China on the meteorological conditions, including the wind speed, turbulence and air temperature in the North China Plain.The sensitivity numerical experiments were conducted by setting four model scenarios including and excluding wind farms.The results show a wind speed deficit within and around the large-scale wind farms.Such wind speed deficit is larger in winter (January) than that in summer (July).The increasing vertical turbulent mixing induced by wind turbines results in the increase of temperature at the hub-height and surface within and downstream of the wind farms in January.We found that the increase in air temperature at the hub-height is slightly larger than that near the surface.In July, there is the perturbation of air temperature at the hub-height and surface near the wind farms.Considering the increased turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) produced by the wind turbine blade rotation, we infer that the increase of temperature at the surface and hub-height is mainly caused by the turbulent inversion effect.
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