高原气象

高原气象 >

2017 , Vol. 36 >Issue 1: 107 - 118

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00103

论文

中国中东部三个高山观测站气象要素变化的对比分析

  • 张剑明 ,
  • 叶成志 ,
  • 莫如平
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  • 湖南省气象局, 长沙 410118;湖南省气候中心, 长沙 410118;National Laboratory for Coastal andMountain Meteorology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada

收稿日期: 2014-12-25

  网络出版日期: 2017-02-28

基金资助

公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201306016）

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Comparison Analysis of Variability of Meteorological Elements Observed at Three Mountain Observatories over Central-Eastern China

  • ZHANG Jianming ,
  • YE Chengzhi ,
  • MO Ruping
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  • Hunan Meteorological Observatory, Changsha 410118, China;Hunan Climate Center, Changsha 410118, China;National Laboratory for Coastal and Mountain Meteorology, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Received date: 2014-12-25

  Online published: 2017-02-28

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摘要

运用线性回归、小波分析等方法，对中国中东部3个高山气象站（南岳、庐山和黄山）平均风速、气温和降水的气候变化特征进行了对比分析，结果表明（1）3个站年平均风速均呈明显减小趋势，3个站在20世纪60年代末期之后时间变化特征相似。（2）3个站年最大小时风速在20世纪60年代明显减小，之前最大小时风速较大，变化趋势不明显，之后最大小时风速明显减小，且呈显著减小趋势。（3）3个站的风向均存在明显的季节转换，夏半年盛行偏南风，冬半年盛行偏北风。南岳站和庐山站风速呈现“春夏大、秋冬小”，黄山站呈现“秋季小、春夏冬大”。3个站平均风速有比较一致的2~3年、5~7年周期变化，在大周期略有不同。（4）3个站气温均呈明显上升趋势，存在2~3年、5~7年和准15年左右的振荡周期。（5）3个站降水量均呈不显著上升趋势，雨日数在南岳站和庐山站呈显著下降趋势，在黄山站呈显著上升趋势。3个站降水量有比较一致的2~3、5~7年左右的周期变化，在大周期变化有所不同；雨日有比较一致的2~3年、4~7年、准10年周期变化，在大周期变化有所不同。

关键词： 高山站; 风速; 气温; 降水; 变化特征; 对比分析

本文引用格式

张剑明 , 叶成志 , 莫如平 . 中国中东部三个高山观测站气象要素变化的对比分析[J]. 高原气象, 2017 , 36(1) : 107 -118 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00103

Abstract

Linear regression and wavelet analysis are performed on wind, temperature, and precipitation observed at three mountain meteorological observatories (Nanyue, Lushan and Huangshan) in central-eastern China over a 57-year period (1956-2012).The results show that:(1) significant decreases in annual-mean wind speed at these mountain observatories.(2) In comparison, the wind speed at Nanyue station and Huangshan station increased in the early period from the late 1950s to the late 1960s, decreased significantly from the late 1960s to the late 1990s, and increased slowly since 2000, whereas the wind speed at Lushan station exhibits a steady decreasing trend through the 57-year period.The annual-mean hourly maximum wind speeds at these three observatories dropped abruptly in the 1960s, and then followed by a steady decreasing trend thereafter.(3) The wind direction experienced remarkable seasonal transition at all observatories.The prevailing wind was southerly in the warm season from April to September, northerly in the cold season from October to March at all observatories.(4) Significant inter-annual oscillations of 2~3 years and 5~7 years and various decadal oscillations were identified in wind speeds at the three stations.Significant increasing trends with quasi-oscillations of 2~3 years, 5~7 years, and 13~17 years are identified in the maximum/mean/minimum temperatures at all observatories.(5) The variations of annual precipitation amount and rainy days were similar at all three stations.A weak increasing trend existed in annual precipitation amounts.A significant increasing trend in rainy days at Nanyue and Lushan stations, but a significant decreasing trend at Huangshan.At the three stations, quasi-oscillations of 2~3 years, 5~7 years are found in the annual precipitation amounts, and quasi-oscillations of 2~3 years, 5~6 years, 10~12 years are found in rainy days.

Key words： Mountain observatory; Wind speed; Temperature; Precipitation; Long-term variabilit; Comparison analysis

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