1 引言
2 资料来源和方法介绍
2.1 资料选取
2.2 方法介绍
3 短时强降水时空分布
3.1 统计结果
表1 青海2004 -2018年短时强降水天气不同天气形势配置类型划分Table 1 Classification of different weather situation configuration types for short-term heavy precipitation in Qinghai from 2004 to 2018 |
| 月份 | 西风气流型/个 | 副热带高压型/个 | 高原低涡切变型/个 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 合计 | 39 | 44 | 35 |
| 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | 4 | 2 | 7 |
| 7 | 8 | 7 | 19 |
| 8 | 18 | 34 | 8 |
| 9 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
3.2 空间分布
3.3 时间分布
4 短时强降水合成场特征及概念模型
4.1 西风气流型
图4 西风气流型环流200 hPa 位势高度场(黑色等值线, 单位: dagpm)和距平场(彩色区, 单位: dagpm)及风场(矢量, 单位: m·s-1)(a), 500 hPa 位势高度场(黑色等值线, 单位: dagpm)和距平场(红色等值线, 单位: dagpm)及垂直速度距平(彩色区, 单位: Pa·s-1)(b), 600 hPa 温度合成场(等值线, 单位: ℃)和距平(彩色区, 单位: ℃)及风场距平(矢量, 单位: m·s-1)(c), 以及600 hPa 水汽通量合成场(矢量, 单位: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1)和距平场(红色等值线, 单位: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1)及水汽通量散度距平(彩色区, 单位: g·cm-2·hPa-1·s-1)(d)分布Fig.4 Circulation characteristics of Westerly current type of 200 hPa geopotential height composite field (black contour, unit: dagpm) and anomaly field (color area, unit: dagpm) and wind composite field (vector, unit: m·s-1) (a), 500 hPa Geopotential height composite field (black contour, unit: dagpm) and anomaly field (red contour, unit: dagpm) and vertical velocity anomaly (color area, unit: Pa·s-1)(b), 600 hPa temperature composite field (contour, unit: ℃) and anomaly (color area, unit: ℃) and wind field anomaly (vector, unit: m·s-1) (c) and 600 hPa water vapor flux composite field (vector, unit: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1) and anomaly field (red contour, unit: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1) and water vapor flux divergence anomaly (color area, unit: g·cm-2·hPa-1·s-1) (d) |
4.2 副热带高压型
图5 副热带高压型环流200 hPa位势高度场(黑色等值线, 单位: dagpm)和距平场(彩色区, 单位: dagpm)及风场(矢量, 单位: m·s-1)(a), 500 hPa 位势高度合成场(黑色等值线, 单位: dagpm)和距平场(红色等值线, 单位: dagpm)及垂直速度距平(彩色区, 单位: Pa·s-1)(b), 600 hPa 温度合成场(等值线, 单位: ℃)和距平(彩色区, 单位: ℃)及风场距平(矢量, 单位: m·s-1)(c)以及600 hPa 水汽通量合成场(矢量, 单位: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1)和距平场(红色等值线, 单位: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1)及水汽通量散度距平(彩色区, 单位: g·cm-2·hPa-1·s-1)(d)Fig.5 Circulation characteristics of Subtropical high pressure type of 200 hPa Geopotential height composite field (black contour, unit: dagpm) and anomaly field (color area, unit: dagpm) and wind composite field (vector, unit: m·s-1) (a), 500 hPa Geopotential height composite field (black contour, unit: dagpm) and anomaly field (red contour, unit: dagpm) and vertical velocity anomaly (color area, unit: Pa·s-1)(b), 600 hPa temperature composite field ( contour, unit: ℃) and anomaly (color area, unit: ℃) and wind field anomaly (vector, unit: m·s-1) (c) and 600 hPa water vapor flux composite field (vector, unit: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1) and anomaly field (red contour, unit: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1) and water vapor flux divergence anomaly (color area, unit: g·cm-2·hPa-1·s-1) (d) |
4.3 低涡切变型
图6 副热带高压型环流200 hPa 位势高度合成场(黑色等值线, 单位: dagpm)和距平场(彩色区, 单位: dagpm)及风场(矢量, 单位: m·s-1)(a), 500 hPa 位势高度合成场(黑色等值线, 单位: dagpm)和距平场(红色等值线, 单位: dagpm)及垂直速度距平(彩色区, 单位: Pa·s-1)(b), 600 hPa 温度合成场(等值线, 单位: ℃)和距平(彩色区, 单位: ℃)及风场距平(矢量, 单位: m·s-1)(c)以及600 hPa 水汽通量合成场(矢量, 单位: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1)和距平场(红色等值线, 单位: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1)及水汽通量散度距平(彩色区, 单位: g·cm-2·hPa-1·s-1)(d)Fig.6 Circulation characteristics of Plateau low vortex shear type of 200 hPa Geopotential height composite field (black contour, unit: dagpm) and anomaly field (color area, unit: dagpm) and wind composite field (vector, unit: m·s-1) (a), 500 hPa Geopotential height composite field (black contour, unit: dagpm) and anomaly field (red contour, unit: dagpm) and vertical velocity anomaly (color area, unit: Pa·s-1)(b), 600 hPa temperature composite field ( contour, unit: ℃) and anomaly (color area, unit: ℃) and wind field anomaly (vector unit: m·s-1) (c) and 600 hPa water vapor flux composite field (vector, unit: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1) and anomaly field (red contour, unit: g·cm-1·hPa-1·s-1) and water vapor flux divergence anomaly (color area, unit: g·cm-2·hPa-1·s-1) (d) |