黄河上游水源涵养区是黄河流域生态保护与社会经济高质量发展的重要区段， 气候变化对其水资源时空分配的影响会加剧自然灾害的发生， 进而影响到我国区域生态乃至人类的生存环境。本文基于1961 -2016年CN05.1格点气温、 降水、 风速数据以及1981 -2020年GLEAM V3.5a实际蒸发数据分析了黄河上游水源涵养区过去近60年的关键气候要素变化。结果表明： （1）研究区气温显著上升， 气温变化趋势达0.34 °C·（10a）^-1， 冬季升温幅度最大， 其中黑河区域玛曲县及周边地区的升温最为剧烈。（2）区域降水量整体呈现上升趋势， 降水变化趋势为9.3 mm·（10a）^-1， 春夏季增速相对较快， 冬季最慢， 增长趋势由西北向东南逐渐减小， 西部少雨干旱地区增长显著， 东南部多雨湿润地区则有较为明显的减小趋势。（3）风速在20世纪70年代初经历异常上升后便持续下降， 风速变化趋势为-0.11 m·s^-1·（10a）^-1， 在空间上大部分地区都减少， 尤其是北部大通河区域。（4）实际蒸发量显著上升， 增长趋势达11.89 mm·（10a）^-1， 春、 冬季相对增幅较大， 增速呈现由东向西逐渐增加的趋势， 其中扎陵湖鄂陵湖区域以及大通河区域西部的增加最为显著， 只有中部以及东南部零星几个地方减少。（5）从降水与实际蒸发来看， 降水量增速略高于同期（1981 -2016年）实际蒸发， 因此黄河上游水源涵养区随着气候变暖存在暖湿化趋势。

The upper Yellow River water conservation area is an important section for ecological protection and high-quality social-economic development in the Yellow River Basin.The impact of climate change on the spatio-temporal distribution of its water resources will exacerbate the occurrence of natural disasters， which in turn will affect China's regional ecology and even the living environment of human beings.Based on the CN05.1 gridded air temperature， precipitation， and wind speed data from 1961 to 2016 and the actual evaporation data of GLEAM V3.5a from 1981 to 2020， this paper analyzed the changes of key climatic elements in the water conservation area of the upper Yellow River Basin in the past 60 years.The results are as follows： （1） The air temperature in the research area increased significantly， the variation trend of the air temperature can reach 0.34 °C·（10a）^-1， and the largest temperature rise occurred in winter.Maqu county and surrounding areas in Heihe region have seen the most dramatic warming.（2） The regional precipitation increased as a whole， the variation trend of the precipitation is about 9.3 mm·（10a）^-1.The growth rate was relatively rapid in spring and summer， and the slowest occurred in winter.The growth trend gradually decreased from the northwest to the southeast， with a significant increase in the arid regions of the west， and a relative decreasing trend in the humid regions of the southeast.（3） After experienced an anomalous rise in the early 1970s， the near-surface wind speed continued to decline， the variation trend of it is about -0.11 m·s^-1·（10a）^-1， and the wind speed decreased in most regions of the study area， especially in the northern Datong River area.（4） The actual evaporation showed an increasing trend， the variation trend of it is 11.89 mm·（10a）^-1， of which the relatively large increases occurred in spring and winter， and the growth rate showed a trend of gradual increasing from east to west.Among them， the increase of the actual evaporation in Zhaling Lake， Eling Lake area and the western part of Datong River area was the most significant， and only a few places in the middle and southeast decreased.（5） From the perspective of precipitation and evaporation， the growth rate of precipitation is slightly higher than that of the actual evaporation during the same period （from 1981 to 2016）， therefore the water conservation area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin also has the trends of warming and wetting as the climate warms.