数值预报模式垂直坐标发展与改进综述

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  • 1. 地理信息工程国家重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710054;

    2. 中国气象局, 北京 100081; 

    3.北京应用气象研究所, 北京 100029

网络出版日期: 2023-05-06

Review on Developments and Improvements in Vertical Coordinates for Numerical Prediction Models

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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information EngineeringXian 710054, Shanxi, China

    2. Chinese Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China  

    3. Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology, Beijing 100029, China

Online published: 2023-05-06

摘要

大气具有斜压性质和层结特性,对于大气三维运动及静止大气热力状态的刻画离不开垂直坐标的选择。垂直坐标更是构建数值预报模式的基础,经常根据不同的垂直坐标形式来区分不同类型的大气动力框架,如几何高度框架、等压面框架和等熵面框架等。伴随垂直坐标的发展,模式预报性能在不断提升,模式版本也在不断演进。本文简要回顾了垂直坐标的发展历史,重点介绍了目前国内外主要非静力业务模式垂直混合坐标的处理思路与方法,同时指出模式垂直分辨率及预报变量垂直分布形式的选择考量。最后对数值预报模式垂直坐标设计与应用进行总结,并给出未来发展展望。

本文引用格式

程锐, 宇如聪, 徐幼平, 黄静, 沈晓晶 . 数值预报模式垂直坐标发展与改进综述[J]. 高原气象, 0 : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2023. 00042

Abstract

As we know, the atmosphere is mainly characterized by its baroclinicity and stratification. The vertical coordinate is crucial for the description of 3D atmospheric motion and thermal-dynamic condition of the static atmosphere. Furthermore, the vertical coordinate is foundation of numerical prediction model construction. Different atmospheric dynamic cores, such as height, pressure and potential temperature-based frames are usually established depending on different vertical coordinate modes. The development of vertical coordinates always contributes to major version update and considerable upgrade of the numerical prediction model. In this paper, we briefly review the history of vertical coordinates for the numerical model. Then, we mainly demonstrate the design art for hybrid vertical coordinates in some operational non-hydrostatic models at home and abroad. Additionally, this paper presents some suggestions on how to select model vertical resolution and prediction variables vertical distribution style. Finally, the progress on arrangement and application of the vertical coordinate for numerical prediction models is summarized and its development tendency is also illustrated.

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