西风流场切变分歧及其对东北冷涡形成的影响机制的初步分析
刘春(1981 -), 四川隆昌人, 高级工程师, 主要从事气候预测和气象服务工作. E-mail: liuchunfh@126.com |
收稿日期: 2023-03-23
修回日期: 2023-07-21
网络出版日期: 2024-03-26
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41675095)
Preliminary Analysis of Shear Bifurcation in the Westerly and Its Influence Mechanism on Formation of the Northeast Cold Vortex
Received date: 2023-03-23
Revised date: 2023-07-21
Online published: 2024-03-26
Copyright
本研究运用多尺度变换和摄动法简化正压准地转涡度方程, 分析了西风流场切变对具有非线性Shrödinger孤子特征的包络Rossby孤立波的影响, 并分析了具有这类波形的西风流场的拓扑结构。结果表明: (1)西风流场切变存在一临界值, 当切变小于这个临界值时, 流场的拓扑结构无奇异点, 只有退化的中心结构, 对应的西风流场为纬向流场; 大于这个临界值时, 流场的拓扑结构存在奇异点, 西风流场则有涡旋产生。(2)流场奇异点出现位置不同, 西风流场呈现不同的涡旋流型, 当奇异点仅出现在系统的北部时, 则西风流场呈Ω型阻塞流场; 当奇异点仅出现系统的南部时, 则西风流场呈倒Ω型切断流场; 当奇异点在南北部均出现时, 则西风流场呈偶极子型阻塞流场。(3)倒Ω型流场和偶极子型阻塞流场中, 均有切断低压出现, 如果切断低压在乌拉尔山附近形成, 向下游运动到我国东北地区, 则为东北冷涡。研究从东北冷涡的源头阻塞形势为切入点, 结合阻塞的全局思想与局地特征, 探讨东北冷涡的形成机制, 深化了对东北冷涡形成的认识。
关键词: 非线性Shrӧdinger孤子; 分歧; 包络Rossby孤立波; 西风流场切变; 阻塞形势; 东北冷涡
刘春 , 孙俊 , 于涵 . 西风流场切变分歧及其对东北冷涡形成的影响机制的初步分析[J]. 高原气象, 2024 , 43(2) : 478 -487 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2023.00061
This study used multi-scale transform and positive pressure perturbation method to simplify the barotropic quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation.For a class of cosine type shear, analyzes the influence of shear westerly on Rossby solitary wave that has nonlinear Shrödinger envelope soliton characteristics, and studied the topology of the westerly with nonlinear Shrödinger envelope soliton wave pattern.The results show that: (1) The key to the formation of cut-off low pressure is the bifurcation of westerly shear.The shear is not only the source of the envelope Rossby solitary wave, but also leads to the change of the structural characteristics of the westerly flow field.The essence of difference between different flow patterns is the structural change that is caused by bifurcation.It indicates that there exists a critical value for shear, which changes the topology of westerly.The topology of westerly has no singular points, only a degenerate central structure, and the corresponding westerly is a zonal flow, when the shear is less than this critical value.There are singular points, and vortices are generated in the westerly, when the shear is greater than this critical value.(2) For the vortices pattern of westerly, it exhibits different flow patterns, if the location of the singular points varies.The westerly presents an Ω shaped blocking flow field, when the singularity point appears only in the northern part of the system.The westerly presents an inverted Ω shaped cut-off flow field, when the singularity point appears only in the southern part of the system.And the westerly presents a dipole blocking flow field, when singular points appear in both the north and south.(3) There are cut-off low-pressure in both the inverted Ω type field and the dipole blocking flow field.It is a Northeast Cold Vortex, if the cut-off low-pressure forms near the Ural Mountains and moves downstream to the northeast region of China.Based on the blocking situation as the source of the Northeast Cold Vortex, the formation mechanism of the Northeast Cold Vortex is discussed with both the board view (westerly shear) and local characteristics (Rossby solitary wave) considered, and thus deepens the understanding of the formation of the Northeast Cold Vortex.
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