中昆仑山北坡既包含绿洲、 荒漠及其过渡带等不同下垫面， 又囊括沙漠和高原气候， 由北向南生态环境差异大， 气候变化多端， 然而由于山地地区自然环境恶劣， 气象台站较少且分布不均， 给该地区气象要素的研究带来了一定挑战， 致使对该区域气象要素的掌握尚不全面， 因此开展关于中昆仑山北坡气象要素的研究十分有必要。本文利用中昆仑山北坡9个不同海拔气象台站连续一年（2022年8月至2023年7月）的气象要素数据， 探究该山区1.5 m高度处近地面气象要素随海拔梯度的时空变化特征。结果表明： （1）不同海拔风向变化显著， 风速随海拔升高而增大， 海拔1738~3044 m的站点受山谷风影响， 存在两个主导风向且风速日变化呈“双峰型”； （2）中昆仑山北坡的气温垂直递减率（Temperature lapse rate， 以下简称TLR）均低于标准大气气温直减率， 平均气温垂直递减率TLR _mean、 最高气温垂直递减率TLR _max和最低气温垂直递减率TLR _min分别为-0.56 ℃·（100m）^-1、 -0.60 ℃·（100m）^-1和-0.47 ℃·（100m）^-1， 季节性特征表现为夏季陡， 冬季浅； （3）不同海拔存在多个逆温层和逆湿层， 逆温和逆湿强度的季节差异较大， 表现为夏季逆温强度最小， 逆湿强度较大， 冬季逆温强度最大， 逆湿强度最小， 最强逆温和逆湿均出现在海拔1256~1409 m； （4）夏季典型天气下晴天的逆温逆湿均大于阴雨天， 晴天最大逆温强度是阴雨天的4.32倍， 晴天比湿变化范围大于阴雨天， 逆湿强度是阴雨天的1.11倍； （5）中昆仑山北坡4 -9月占全年总降水的86%以上， 随海拔升高降水梯度变化明显， 表现为“增多-减少-增多”的趋势， 在2800~3200 m存在一个明显降水带。

The north slope of the Middle Kunlun Mountains contains different sub-surfaces such as oases， deserts and their transition zones， as well as deserts and plateau climates， with great ecological differences and climate variations from north to south.However， the poor natural environment of the mountainous areas and the lack of sufficient meteorological stations and unevenly distribution of them， which bringing certain challenges to the study of meteorological elements， and resulting in incomplete mastery of meteorological elements in the region.Therefore， it is necessary to perform a study on the meteorological elements of the North Slope of the Central Kunlun Mountains.This study utilized meteorological data from nine meteorological stations at different altitudes on the northern slopes of the Central Kunlun Mountains in a consecutive year （August 2022 to July 2023） to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of near-surface meteorological elements at the altitude of 1.5 m in the mountainous areas in response to the gradient.The results show that： （1） The wind direction changed significantly at different altitudes， the wind speed increased with increase of the elevation， the metrological station at 1738~3044 m above sea level was affected by the valley wind， and two dominant "twin peaks type" were observed for the daily change of wind speed； （2） The temperature lapse rate （TLR） on the north slope of the Central Kunlun Mountains is lower than the standard atmospheric temperature lapse rate， and the TLR_mean（mean temperature laspe rate）， TLR_max（max temperature laspe rate） and TLR_min（min temperature laspe rate） were -0.56 ℃·（100m）^-1， -0.60 ℃·（100m）^-1 and -0.47 ℃·（100m）^-1， respectively， with seasonal characteristics of steepness in summer and shallowness in winter； （3） There are several inversion temperature layers and inversion humidity layers at different altitudes， and the seasonal differences in the degree of inversion temperature and inversion humidity were large， which are manifested as the smallest intensity of inversion temperature and the larger intensity of inversion humidity in summer， the largest degree of inversion temperature and the smallest intensity of inversion humidity in winter， and the strongest inversion temperature and inversion humidity were found at the altitude between 1256 m and 1409 m； （4） The inverse temperature and inverse humidity under typical summer weather were greater on sunny days than that of on rainy days， and the maximum inverse temperature intensity on sunny days was equal to 4.32 times of the rainy days， while the range of variation of specific humidity on sunny days was greater than that on rainy days， and the intensity of inverse humidity was equal to 1.11 times of the rainy days； （5） The North Slope of the Middle Kunlun Mountains accounted for more than 86% of the total annual precipitation from April to September， the precipitation change gradient was more obvious with changes in altitude， and showed "increase - decrease - increase"trend， a obvious precipitation zone was found around 2800~3200 m.