为科学精准地计算滇中地区水面蒸发量， 基于“三湖”径流区附近玉溪气象站2014 -2021年逐月气象观测资料， 用对比分析、 相关分析等方法分析了FAO PPP-17 Penman公式在该地区水面蒸发计算中的使用效果和误差来源。在此基础上， 针对计算误差产生的原因和周期性变化规律， 引入Morton经验公式等方法， 将Penman公式中的水面反射率、 太阳辐射参数作了随季节而变化的动态化改进。同时基于热量平衡原理， 用误差反推法推导出了一个新的水面热通量估算模型， 并在FAO PPP-17 Penman公式中增加水面热通量项以修正水面热量收支平衡。结果表明： （1）FAO PPP-17 Penman公式计算的研究区水面蒸发量普遍偏大， 平均相对误差为+15.2%， 且误差具有冬季小而夏季大的季节性特征和类似正弦曲线的周期变化规律。计算误差主要源于公式中太阳短波辐射参数取值不当以及忽略了水面热通量的影响， 导致热量收支不平衡。（2）对公式进行动态化参数改进并增加水面热通量后， 计算精度明显提高， 相对误差在±5%、 ±10%和±20%内的准确率比修正前分别提高了40.6%、 42.7%和32.3%。异地使用效果也表明， 改进后的FAO PPP-17 Penman公式在滇中“三湖”径流区内仍具有较高的拟合准确率， ±10%误差范围内的拟合准确率在75%以上。（3）本研究推导出的水面热通量非线性估算模型， 能够合理模拟水体储热量对季节变化和水面辐射强弱的非线性响应， 在滇中“三湖”地区的蒸发计算中取得较满意的结果。

In order to scientifically and accurately calculate the water surface evaporation in the central Yunnan region， based on the monthly meteorological data from Yuxi Meteorological Station near the 'Three Lakes' basin in Central Yunnan from 2014 to 2021， the effectiveness of the FAO PPP-17 Penman formula in calculating water evaporation in this area and the error sources is analyzed through comparative analysis and correlation analysis.On this basis， aiming at the sources of calculation errors and the characteristics of seasonal changes， the water surface reflectance and the solar radiation parameters in the Penman formula are dynamically modified with the season changes using Morton empirical formula and other methods.Furthermore， based on the principle of heat balance， a new estimation model of water surface heat flux was derived by using error inverse derivation.The water surface heat flux term is added to the FAO PPP-17 Penman formula to correct the heat balance of the water surface.The results showed that： （1） The water evaporation calculated by the FAO PPP-17 Penman formula in the study area was generally overestimated， with a mean relative error of +15.2%.The error has seasonal characteristics of small in winter and large in summer， and periodic variation characteristics which is similar to a sine curve.The calculation error mainly stems from the inappropriate value of solar short-wave radiation parameters in the formula and the neglect of the influence of water surface heat flux， resulting in an imbalance in the heat budget.（2） After dynamically improving the parameters of the FAO PPP-17 Penman formula and adding the water surface heat flux to it， the calculation accuracy is significantly improved.Compared to the unrevised version， the accuracy with relative errors within ± 5%， ± 10%， and ± 20% increased by 40.6%， 42.7%， and 32.3%， respectively.The results of off-site tests show that the optimized Penman equation exhibits high fitting accuracy in the ‘Three Lakes’ basin of central Yunnan， and the model's accuracy with relative errors within ±10% is over 75%.（3） This study developed a nonlinear estimation model for water surface heat flux， which can reasonably simulate the nonlinear response of water storage heat to seasonal variations and water surface radiation intensity.Furthermore， the model has demonstrated satisfactory results in evaporation calculations within the "Three Lakes" region.