不稳定能量、强的水平环境风垂直切变和0 ℃层高度是影响地面降雹的重要因素，为探讨我国南北方冰雹云环境层结差异，本文对比了陕西旬邑和福建西北部两次冰雹过程发生前的环境层结特征，并利用三维冰雹云数值模式通过敏感性实验对两次过程在不同扰动温度下的发展特征进行了模拟，并模拟讨论了强垂直风切变对福建冰雹个例的影响。结果表明，陕西个例对流有效位能（CAPE）大，垂直风切变很弱，而福建个例CAPE值相对较小，但具有强垂直风切变。两个冰雹云的0 ℃高度较统一。陕西冰雹云形成的大气环境水汽含量较少，云底高度较高，CAPE转化为上升气流动能的效率更高。福建冰雹云的低层大气湿度更大，云底高度更低，不稳定能量更易于释放。对流越强，垂直风速的峰值越大且出现的时间越早，冰雹的含量越多且持续时间越长，固液态降水强度越强、降水量越多。福建个例的强风切变使对流的强度减弱、生命期变短，对流越弱，影响越明显，同时强风切变使固液态降水减弱，无风切变时，冰雹比含水量和数浓度值更大，存在范围更广泛且时间更长，出现时间也更早，但降雹范围更小。

Unstable energy，strong horizontal environmental wind shear and 0 °C layer height are important fac‐ tors affecting surface hailfall. To explore the differences in environmental stratification of hail clouds between northern and southern China，this study compares the environmental characteristics before two hail events in Xunyi，Shaanxi，and northwestern Fujian. The three-dimensional hail cloud numerical model was used to simulate the development characteristics of these two events under different disturbance temperatures through sensitivity experiments，while also discussing the impact of strong wind shear on the Fujian hail case. The results show that the Shaanxi case has a large Convective Available Potential Energy（CAPE）but very weak vertical wind shear， whereas the Fujian case exhibits a relatively small CAPE but strong vertical wind shear. The height of the 0 °C layer in both hail clouds is relatively consistent. The atmospheric water vapor content during the formation of the Shaanxi hail cloud is lower，the cloud base height is higher，and the efficiency of CAPE transforming into up‐ draft kinetic energy is higher. In contrast，the southern hail cloud has higher lower atmospheric humidity and a lower cloud base height，making it easier to release unstable energy. As the intensity of convection increases，the peak values of vertical wind speed become greater and occur earlier，the content of hail increases and its duration is prolonged，the intensity of solid-liquid precipitation intensifies，and the precipitation volume intensifies. The strong wind shear in the Fujian case weakens the convective intensity and shortens its lifespan，the weaker the convection is，the more obvious the effect is. Additionally，strong wind shear weakens solid-liquid precipitation. When there is no wind shear，hail exhibits larger specific water content and number concentration，wider range of existence，longer time and earlier occurrence time，but the hail range is smaller.