2019-2023年夏季青藏高原闪电时空分布特征研究

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  • 1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院/冰冻圈科学与冻土工程重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2. 那曲高寒气候环境西藏自治区野外科学观测研究站,西藏 那曲 852000
    3. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049

网络出版日期: 2025-04-29

基金资助

广西重点研发项目(AB22035016AB22080104);甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(24JRRA082);柳州市元宝山地形暴雨重点实验室重点项目(2024ybssysz2);中国科学院高层次人才计划项目(E2290702);国家自然科学基金项目(42330609);西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202501JD0022

Study on Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Lightning on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in Summer 2019-2023 

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  • 1. Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil EngineeringNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000GansuChina
    2. Nagqu Plateau Climate and Environment Observation and Research Station of Tibet Autonomous RegionNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesNagqu 852000XizangChina
    3. University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Online published: 2025-04-29

摘要

青藏高原海拔较高,闪电和对流活动相较于其他低海拔地区具有一定的特殊性。为了揭示青藏高原地区闪电活动的时空分布特征,基于风云四号A星闪电探测仪Lightning Mapping Imager LMI)获取的2019-2023年夏季(6-8月)闪电数据,本文对青藏高原地区的闪电活动进行时空分布特征的统计分析。分析结果表明:青藏高原的闪电频次存在显著的地域性差异,频次高值区主要集中在青藏高原的东部、中部(喜马拉雅山脉以北,那曲市及其周边地区)和南部(山南市和林芝市南部)。青藏高原夏季的闪电活动主要发生在6月和7月,其中6月的闪电活动多集中在东部和南部地区;7月中部地区的闪电活动有所增强,东部地区的闪电活动则有向东南部和东北部转移的趋势;8 月东部地区的闪电活动有所减弱,而南部和中部地区的闪电活动则有所增强。在闪电频次日变化上,傍晚和夜晚[18:00(北京时,下同)至次日03:00]是青藏高原闪电活动的高发时段。白天的闪电辐射强度呈现双峰特征,大部分时间闪电辐射强度可达到400 μJ·m-2·ster-1以上;夜晚闪电辐射强度则呈现单峰特征,辐射强度通常在400 μJ·m-2·ster-1以下,白天闪电辐射强度明显高于夜晚。多数闪电活动的辐射强度小于100 μJ·m-2·ster-15年平均数量占比达到 67. 13%。在日变化分布上,青藏高原中部和东部地区的闪电活动趋势基本一致,峰值出现在20:00-21:0002:00左右,南部地区在05:00-06:00达到峰值。三个地区闪电活动高发月份均为7月,南部地区在8月份相较6月、7月与中部和东部地区相比更为活跃。本研究为进一步理解该地区的气候变化和灾害防御提供了科学依据。

本文引用格式

安江浩, 陈 生, 胡泽勇 . 2019-2023年夏季青藏高原闪电时空分布特征研究[J]. 高原气象, 0 : 1 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2025.00039

Abstract

The Qinghai-Xizang Plateaudue to its high altitudeexhibits unique lightning and convective activity compared to lower-altitude regions. Using the ‘Group’data from the Lightning Mapping ImagerLMIon the Fengyun-4A satellitea statistical analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of lightning activity on the plateau was conducted for the summersJune to Augustfrom 2019 to 2023. The results reveal significant geographical variations in lightning frequency across the Plateauwith high-frequency areas predominantly located in the easterncentralnorth of the Himalayasin and around the city of Nagqu),and southernsouth of Shannan and Linzhiregions. In terms of temporal distributionlightning activity is most prevalent in June and July. SpecificallyJune sees concentrated lightning activity in the eastern and southern regionswhile July experiences an in‐ crease in the central region and a shift of activity in the eastern region towards the southeast and northeast. By Au‐ gustlightning activity decreases in the eastern region but increases in the southern and central regions. Regarding the daily distributionthe evening and night hours18:00Beijing Timesame as afterto 03:00 the next dayare identified as the peak periods for lightning activity on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. During the daytimethe intensity of lightning radiation exhibits a 'double-peak' characteristicfrequently exceeding 400 μJ∙m-2∙ster-1. Converselyat nightthe intensity of lightning radiation generally follows a 'single-peak' patternusually remaining below 400 μJ∙m-2∙ster-1. Notablythe intensity of lightning radiation is significantly higher during the day than at night. Most lightning events recorded were less than 100 μJ∙m-2∙ster-1with a five-year average of 67. 13%. In terms of daily trendslightning activity in the central and eastern parts of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau shows similar patternswith peaks occurring around 20:00-21:00 and 02:00 hours. In contrastthe southern part of the Plateau experiences peak activity around 05:00-06:00 hours. The highest lightning activity across all three regions was observed in Julywith the southern region displaying more activity in August compared to June and Julyunlike the central and eastern regions. This study reveals the spatiotemporal distribution of lightning activity on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateauproviding a scientific basis for better understanding climate change and disaster prevention in the region.

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