青藏高原巴木错季风期水量收支变化特征及成因分析

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  • 1. 兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室地气作用与气候效应团队,北京 100101
    3. 中国科学院大学,北京 100101
    4. 西藏珠穆朗玛特殊大气过程与环境变化国家野外科学观测研究站,西藏 定日 858200
    5. 华润电力技术研究院有限公司,广东 深圳 518001
    6. 中国气象局气候资源经济转化重点开放实验室,重庆市梁平区气象局,重庆 405200

网络出版日期: 2025-06-04

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(U2242208);西藏科技厅项目(XZ202402ZD006XZ202401JD0004

Characteristics and Causes of Water Balance Variations during the Monsoon Period in Bamu Co on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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  • 1. College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000GansuChina
    2. Land-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects GroupState Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and ResourcesTPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China
    3. University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China
    4. National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental ChangesDingri 858200XizangChina
    5. China Resources Power Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Shenzhen 518001China
    6. CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to EconomyLiangping Meteorological BureauChongqing 405200China

Online published: 2025-06-04

摘要

封闭性湖泊水量收支变化是研究湖泊对气候变化响应的理想研究对象,但现有研究多关注青藏高原湖泊的长期水量变化。由于数据稀缺,青藏高原湖泊水量年内动态变化及平衡要素的贡献尚不明确,制约了青藏高原湖泊水量收支和对气候变化响应的研究。本文基于巴木错水文气象观测数据、再分析资料以及水量平衡方程和入湖径流量计算方法,分析了巴木错 2021-2023年季风期水量平衡方程各要素——湖面降水 P、入湖径流 Rs、湖面蒸发 E、水位 H和水位差值 ΔH的动态变化特征;不同月份、年份的水量平衡因子相对贡献率;以及水文要素和气象要素——气温、向下辐射和相对湿度的年际变化。研究结果表明:(1)巴木错水量收支具有显著年际差异,其中 2021年充沛的 PRs驱动 H上升,2022PRs骤减导致H下降,2023PRs的增强抵消E的增强使得H再次上升;(2ΔHRsE主导调控,月尺度上Rs贡献率呈“V”型波动、E贡献率反向变化,年际尺度上Rs主导正向波动(2021年和2023年)、E主导负向波动(2022年);(3)气象要素通过调节P-E动态平衡影响ΔH2021年中等气温、高湿度和中等辐射条件下,E/P比值相对中等,ΔH正向波动(+231 mm);2022年,气温升高、湿度降低、辐射增强导致 E/P值上升,叠加 PRs减少,引发 ΔH 负向波动(-75 mm);2023年,气象条件改善,E/P比值下降,水热条件的恢复驱动ΔH正向变化(+350. 6 mm)。本研究揭示了典型季风区湖泊水循环的特征,对支撑亚洲水塔生态安全屏障建设和推动高原可持续发展有重要意义。

本文引用格式

石乐乐 1, 2, 马伟强 2, 1, 4, 马卫垚 2, 3, 4, 马耀明 2, 1, 4, 左洪超 1, 王宾宾 2, 谢志鹏 2, 苏荣明珠 5, 柏 灵 6, 马龙腾飞 2, 3, 4, 陈霆炜 1, 2, 陈映怡 1, 2 . 青藏高原巴木错季风期水量收支变化特征及成因分析[J]. 高原气象, 0 : 1 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2025.00041

Abstract

The variation in water budget of closed lakes serves as an ideal research subject for studying lake responses to climate change. Howevermost existing studies focus on the long-term water volume changes of lakes on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Due to data scarcitythe intra-annual dynamics of water budgets and the contributions of balance components in these lakes remain unclearhindering research on water budget dynamics and cli‐ mate change responses. Base on hydrological-meteorological observation datareanalysis datasetswater balance equationsand inflow runoff calculation methodsthis study analyzes the dynamic characteristics of water balance componentslake surface precipitationP),inflow runoffRs),lake surface evaporationE)],lake levelHand lake level differenceΔH))in Bamu Co during the 2021-2023 monsoon periodsthe relative contributions rates of water balance factors in different months and yearsalong with the interannual variations in meteorological elements including air temperaturedownward radiationand relative humidity. The results show that:(1The water budget of Bamu Co exhibits significant interannual variation. In 2021abundant P and Rs drove in H. In 2022sharp declines in P and Rs led to a drop in H. In 2023increases in P and Rs offset the intensified Eresulting in another rise in H.2ΔH is mainly regulated by Rs and E. On the monthly scalethe contribution of R s displays a “V”-shapedwhile E shows an opposite trend. On the interannual scaleRs plays a dominant role in positive variations2021 and 2023),whereas E dominates negative variations2022.3Meteorological elements influenced ΔH through P-E balance adjustmentsmoderate temperaturehigh humidityand medium radiation in 2021 maintained medium E/P ratio with positive ΔH+231 mm);elevated temperaturereduced humidityand enhanced radiation in 2022 increased E/P ratio alongside decreased P and Rsresulting in negative ΔH-75 mm);improved meteorological conditions in 2023 reduced E/P ratio and restored hydrothermal conditionsdriving positive ΔH+350. 6 mm. This study provides crucial insights into unique hydrological mechanisms of monsoon-influenced lakessupports ecological security barrier construction for the "Asian Water Tower"and promotes sustainable development on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

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