利用中国区域2023年夏季945个地基全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）测站的观测数据，分别采用双差网解法与精密单点定位法（Precise Point Positioning，PPP）对大气可降水量（Precipitable Water Vapor，PWV）进行了反演，以同址探空站和ERA5再分析资料的PWV为参考值，研究分析了两种方法在中国不同气候区域反演 PWV 的精度及稳定性特征。结果表明：与 PPP 解相比，双差解与探空和 ERA5资料的PWV的相关性更强，偏差（Bias）频率分布更集中，峰值区概率更高，偏差范围更小。以探空资料获取的RS-PWV为参考值时，双差解与PPP解的平均Bias分别为-0. 1 mm和1. 1 mm，平均均方根误差（RMSE）分别为 2. 4 mm 和 3. 1 mm，以 ERA5-PWV 为参考值时，双差解与 PPP 解的平均 Bias 分别为-0. 2 mm 和0. 1 mm，平均 RMSE分别为 2. 7 mm 和 3. 2 mm，双差解的平均 RMSE均小于 3 mm，这表明双差网解法反演的PWV具有更高的精度和稳定性。GNSS探测水汽的精度总体表现为西部非季风区优于东部季风区，双差解在各气候区域的RMSE都更集中于中位数附近，而PPP解在不同测站多表现出不同的精度水平，在水汽充足且探测精度偏低的温带和亚热带季风气候区域精度离散程度较大，具有较强的不稳定性。

Using observation data from 945 ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System（GNSS）stations in the summer of 2023 in China，the double-difference（DD）network algorithm and Precise Point Positioning （PPP）algorithm were used to invert the Precipitable Water Vapor（PWV）of the atmosphere. The accuracy and stability characteristics of the two methods for inverting PWV in different climate regions of China were studied and analyzed using PWV from radiosonde stations at the same location and ERA5 reanalysis data as reference values. The results show that compared with the PPP solution，the DD solution has a stronger correlation with the PWV of radiosonde and ERA5 data，a more concentrated bias frequency distribution，a higher probability of peak area，and a smaller range of bias. Compared with the Radio-PWV，the average biases for the DD-PWV and PPP-PWV are -0. 1 mm and 1. 1 mm，respectively，and the corresponding root mean square error（RMSE）are 2. 4 mm and 3. 1 mm，respectively. While compared with the ERA5-PWV，the average Bias of the DD-PWV and PPP-PWV are -0. 2 mm and 0. 1 mm，respectively，and the corresponding RMSE are 2. 7 mm and 3. 2 mm， respectively. The average RMSE of the DD solution is less than 3 mm，indicating that the PWV inverted by the DD network method has higher accuracy and stability. The accuracy of GNSS detection of water vapor is generally better in the western non monsoon region than in the eastern monsoon region. The RMSE of the DD solution is more concentrated around the median in various climate regions，while the PPP solution shows different levels of accuracy at different GNSS stations. The PPP solution has a greater degree of dispersion in accuracy and strong instability in temperate and subtropical monsoon climate regions with sufficient water vapor and low detection accuracy.