暴雨是甘肃省陇南市主要灾害性天气，由暴雨引发的灾害给当地社会经济发展和人民生命财产造成巨大危害。本文基于气象、灾情及地理信息数据，采用自然灾害系统理论，对陇南市1961年以来最强两次暴雨过程，即：2024年“7·22”和2020年“8·14”，作综合对比分析。结果表明：“7·22”、“8·14”两次暴雨过程降水强度强、累积雨量大、强降水持续时间长、极端性明显，与前期暴雨落区反复重叠，是“7. 22”、“8. 14”致灾的主要原因；“8. 14”过程及其前后累积降水量总体大于“7·22”，“8·14”暴雨灾害明显比“7·22”严重。两次过程暴雨灾害等级为严重等级的均发生在陇南市经济较强、人口较多的武都区和文县。陇南市9县区中武都区、文县地质灾害隐患点多，平均坡度、河网密度大，沟壑纵横，高山河谷交错分布，暴雨致灾风险最高，致使“7·22”和“8·14”两次暴雨过程中武都区、文县降水量不是最大，但造成的灾害最重，属严重等级。

Heavy rainfall is the main catastrophic weather in Longnan city，Gansu Province. The disasters caused by heavy rainfall do great harm to social and economic development and people's life and property. In this paper，the processes of the two strongest rainstorms since 1961 in Longnan city，"7·22" in 2024 and "8·14" in 2020，are taken as examples. Based on meteorological，disaster situation and geographic information data，the disaster causing processes of the two rainstorms and heavy precipitation are analyzed and compared by using the theory of natural disaster system. The results show that："7·22" and "8·14" rainstorm processes have strong precipitation intensity，large cumulative rainfall，long duration of heavy precipitation and obvious extremity，which overlap repeatedly with the previous rainstorm areas，and are the main causes of disaster caused by "7·22" and " 8·14" rainstorm processes. The population and economic losses caused by "7·22" and "8·14" rainstorm and heavy rainfall accounted for 8. 5%，6. 5%，35. 8% and 45. 2% of the total population and GDP of Longnan city， respectively. "8·14" rainstorm and heavy rainfall disaster was significantly more serious than "7·22". The two process rainstorm disaster levels of severe grade occurred in Wudu district and Wenxian county，which are eco‐ nomically strong and populous in Longnan city. In the 9 counties of Longnan city，Wudu district and Wenxian county have the most hidden geological disaster points，the average slope and river network density are large， and the risk of disaster caused by heavy precipitation is high. As a result，the precipitation of Wudu district and Wenxian county is not the largest during the two heavy rains of "7·22" and "8·14"，but the disaster is the heaviest.