在资料比较稀少的珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区进行气象观测对于研究该地区的气候变化及其对冰川变化的影响具有重要意义。利用不同海拔（5 207， 5 550， 5 792和5 955 m）的4个自动气象站和高空探测资料， 分析了珠穆朗玛峰北坡近地面和自由大气的温度分布状况及其梯度变化特征。结果表明， 年平均日变化气温5 207 m站的升温速率最快， 5 550 m站次之， 5 792 m和5 955 m站最小， 4个站月平均最高（低）气温分别为5.7 ℃（-9.3 ℃）、 4 ℃（-6.5 ℃）、 1.4 ℃（-14.8 ℃）和1.3 ℃（-15.4 ℃）； 气温递减率有明显的季节变化特征， 最大（小）值出现在1月（3月）， 其值约为1.07 ℃·(100 m)-1（0.12 ℃·(100 m)-1）， 年（春、 夏、 秋季）平均日变化幅度白天大、 夜晚较小， 冬季全天比较平缓， 夏季在00:00-09:00（北京时）出现正值， 其他季节全天皆为负值； 自由大气的温度递减率值大部分都在0~1 ℃·(100 m)-1之间， 海拔5 200~6 000 m之间的平均温度递减率值为0.78 ℃·(100 m)-1。
Themeteorological observation on the north slope of Mt. Qomolangmais valuable to research the climate change and the influence on glacier， especially in the regions where the observational data are limit．The distribution of temperature and characteristic of its gradient change in the surface layerand free atmosphere are analyzed based on the observed meteorological data and the radiosonde data infour different elevations (5 207, 5 550, 5 792, 5 955 m heights above sea level).The results are obtained as follows: The rising rate of mean diurnal variation of temperatureper year is largest at 5 207 m height, the larger at 5 550 m height, the smallest at 5 792 and 5 955 m heights.The monthly mean maximum (minimum) temperature at four observation stationsis 5.7 ℃（-9.3 ℃）, 4 ℃（-6.5 ℃）, 1.4 ℃（-14.8 ℃）and 1.3 ℃（-15.4 ℃）, respectively.The lapse rate of air temperature shows seasonal characteristic. The maximum (minimum) value is about 1.07 ℃·(100 m)-1(0.12 ℃·(100 m)-1), present in January (March), amplitude of mean diurnal variations in year (spring,summer and autumn) is large in daytime, little at nighttime and stable all the day in winter. Thevalue is positiveduring 00:00 and 09:00and positiveall the day in other seasons. The value of the lapse rate of free atmospheric temperature is almost 0~1 ℃·(100 m)-1, and the value during 5 200~ 6 000 m heights above sea levelis about 0.78 ℃·(100 m)-1.
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