Based on the radiosonde dataset from 105 stations in China, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset, ERA reanalysis dataset and JRA reanalysis dataset, the study of reliability of free atmospheric temperature from reanalysis datasets based on the monthly mean in China is performed using the means of linear analysis and EOF(Empirical Orthogonal Function) decomposition. The results show that: In numerical aspects, the situations in spring, summer and autumn are similar, differing from winter, which show that NCEP dataset is more close to the radiosonde dataset in upper troposphere while ERA and JRA dataset are more close to the radiosonde dataset in middle and lower troposphere. In terms of long-term trend, the different datasets in different seasons reveal the different characters, especially the cooling trend in the south region of China in middle troposphere in summer. In different areas, three reanalysis datasets display more reliable in the north area of China than in the south area, and more reliable in the east area than in the west area when compared to the radiosonde dataset. In the aspect of spatial and temporal variation characteristics, there are quite differences of three reanalysis datasets in the distribution of the first mode. The second mode correlates quite the same with each other in four seasons, which displays the feature of the opposite phase change between north and south of the whole layer temperature.
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