论文

全球“变暗”和“变亮”时期中国地面温度变化研究

  • 杨溯 ,
  • 石广玉 ,
  • 王标 ,
  • 李得勤
展开
  • 中国气象局国家气象信息中心, 北京100081;中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京100029;3. 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所, 辽宁 沈阳110168

网络出版日期: 2013-08-28

Characteristics of Surface Temperature in China during Global ‘Dimming’ and ‘Brightening’ Periods

Expand

Online published: 2013-08-28

摘要

利用中国90个气象站年平均地面日最高、 日最低温度和地面太阳辐射数据, 分析了在全球变暖背景下全球“变暗”和“变亮”时期中国地面温度的变化特征及其与到达地面的太阳辐射(SSR)变化之间的联系。结果表明, 在全球“变暗”时期, 年平均地面日最高和日最低温度的差别较大, 日最高温度先下降后缓慢上升, 日最低温度先平缓变化后快速上升, 日最低温度的上升速率始终大于日最高温度, 且两者变化速率之差>0.3 ℃·(10 a)-1。从空间分布上看, 年平均日最高和日最低温度都表现出明显的南北差异, 中高纬度地区(35oN以北)增温(或保温)的趋势更强, 这与该地区SSR下降幅度相对较小一致。在全球“变亮”时期, 年平均地面日最低温度继续上升, 相对于“变暗”时期升温速率变化不大; 而年平均日最高温度上升速度明显加快, 此时年平均日最高和日最低温度的升温速率趋于一致。年平均日最高温度仍有明显的地域差异, 中低纬度(35°N以南)地区的升温速率大于中高纬度, 这与中低纬度SSR上升而中高纬度SSR下降有较好的对应关系; 年平均日最低温度没有表现出这种南北差异, 与SSR变化也没有很好的对应关系。尽管20世纪90年代后SSR开始上升, 但目前SSR仍未恢复到“变暗”初期(60年代)的水平, 而当前地面日最高和日最低温度已远高于“变暗”初期。

本文引用格式

杨溯 , 石广玉 , 王标 , 李得勤 . 全球“变暗”和“变亮”时期中国地面温度变化研究[J]. 高原气象, 2013 , 32(4) : 993 -999 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00095

Abstract

Based on the surface solar radiation, surface daily maximumand minimumtemperature data of 90 meteorological observation stations in China, the change features of surface temperature during global‘dimming’ and  ‘brightening’ periods were analysed. The results showthat a steady decrease in daily maximum temperature is in the first 10 years of dimming period, it reached the lowest value in 1972 and then began to rise at a low growth rate by the end of 1990s. As the SSR trend turned off (about 1990), the daily maximum temperature rise much faster than dimming period (1960-1990). On the other side,  the daily minimum temperature is upbeat over the last 50 years and its growth rate is much higher than the daily maximum temperature especially during the ‘dimming’ period (1960-1990). It is found that the higher latitude region (the north of 35°N) appeares warmer than lower latitude region(the south of 35°N) while SSR is declining. During the brightening period, the daily maximum temperature still shows good correspondence between SSR. Although the SSR has been increasing since 1990s, it is still lower than that in 1960s (the first ten years of global ‘dimming’), while the daily maximum and minimum temperature are both much higher than that  in 1960s.

参考文献

[1]Wild M. Global dimming and brightening: A review[J]. J Geophys Res, 2009, 114(D10): D00D16, doi:10.1029/2008JD011470.
[2]石广玉.大气辐射学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[3]IPCC. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Contribution of Working Group I Contribution tothe Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[R]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
[4]任国玉.太阳辐射与气候变化[J].地球科学进展, 1991, 6(6): 37-41.
[5]Ramanathan V, Vogelmann A M. Greenhouse effect, atmospheric solar absorption and the Earth′s radiation budget: From the Arrhenius-Langley era to the 1990s[J]. Ambio, 1997, 26(1): 38-46.
[6]Li W P, Sun S F, Wang B, et al. Numerical simulation of sensitivities of snow melting to spectral composition of the incoming solar radiation[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2009, 26(3): 403-412.
[7]Haverkort A J, Uenk D, Veroude H, et al. Relationships between ground cover, intercepted solar radiation, leaf area index and infrared reflectance of potato crops[J]. Potato Research, 1991, 34(1): 113-121.
[8]吴亚平.南海近岸海域浮游植物初级生产力与阳光辐射关系的研究[D]. 汕头: 汕头大学, 2006.
[9]孙敬松,周广胜,韩广轩.太阳辐射对玉米农田土壤呼吸作用的影响[J].生态学报, 2010, 30(21): 5925-5932.
[10]Stanhill G, Cohen S. Global dimming: A review of the evidence for a widespread and significant reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causes and possible agricultural consequences[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2001, 107(4): 255-268.
[11]申彦波,赵宗慈,石广玉.地面太阳辐射的变化、 影响因子及其可能的气候效应最新研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 2008, 23(9): 915-923.
[12]张世轩,张璐,孙树鹏,等.全球变暖情况下中国季节的变化[J].高原气象, 2011, 30(3): 659-667.
[13]Wild M, Truessel B, Ohmura A, et al. Global dimming and brightening: An update beyond 2000[J]. J Geophys Res, 2009, 114: D00D13, doi: 10.1029/2008JD011382
[14]Wild M, Ohmura A, Makowski K. Impact of global dimming and brightening on global warming[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2007, 34: L04702, doi:10.1029/2006GL028031 .
[15]Ye J S, Li F M, Sun G J, et al. Solar dimming and its impact on estimating solar radiation[J]. Theor Appl Climatol, 2010, 101: 137-142.
[16]翟盘茂,任福民.中国近四十年最高最低温度变化[J].气象学报, 1997, 55(4): 418-429.
[17]李庆祥,黄嘉佑,董文杰.基于气温日较差的城市热岛强度指标初探[J].大气科学学报, 2009, 32(4): 530-535.
[18]唐国利,丁一汇.由最高最低气温求算的平均气温对我国年平均气温序列影响[J].应用气象学报, 2007, 18(2): 187-192.
[19]Gao X J, Zhao Z C, Ding Y, et al. Climate change due to greenhouse effects in China as simulated by a regional climate model[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2001, 18(6): 1224-1230.
[20]Gao X J, Zhao Z C, Filippo G. Changes of extreme events in regional climate simulations over East Asia[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2002, 19(5): 927-942.
[21]Shi G Y, Hayasaka T, Ohmura A, et al. Data quality assessment and the long-term trend of ground solar radiation in China[J]. J Appl Meteor Climatol, 2008, 47(4): 1006-1016.
[22]杨溯,石广玉,王标,等. 1961-2009年我国地面太阳辐射变化特征及云对其影响的研究[J].大气科学, 2013, doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2013.11122.
[23]李红梅.近四十年中国盛夏降水和温度特性变化的观测分析和数据模拟[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2007.
[24]周天军,李丽娟,李红梅,等.气候变化的归因和预估模拟研究[J].大气科学, 2008, 32(4): 906-922.
文章导航

/