利用卫星资料、 自动站资料、 L波段探空秒数据和常规探测资料， 对2011年7月2-3日发生在山西中南部的一次大暴雨过程的云图及环境场特征进行了分析。结果表明：  （1）此次大暴雨过程发生在500 hPa两槽一脊、 副热带高压稳定， 200 hPa反气旋的大尺度环流背景下； 高能高湿、 高层辐散\, 低层辐合以及较强的上升运动是云团初生的基本环境场特征， 但其动热力结构和强度的差异以及中尺度环境的不同， 决定了云团后期的发展； 4个区域的大暴雨是由不同性质的云团造成的， 其降水性质和特征差异明显。（2）L波段探空秒数据分析显示， 云系分层现象消失， 云顶高度降低， 湿层厚度加大， 凝结高度降低， 0℃层降低， 逆温层消失， 均有可能是 MCC形成的先兆信息。（3）此次大暴雨过程中, 低空急流变窄、 急流分支消失， 同时高空西北风急流减弱、 低层偏北风加强， 干冷空气下传,  大气不稳定度增大; 地面锋面南侧暖区里， 水汽的突然增大和气压的持续增强， 均有可能是MCC发展的重要信号。（4）低层比湿和南北风分量诊断分析表明，  MCC是在湿度锋的强迫抬升下， 由于干冷空气的侵入而在湿中心附近生成的对流云团发展加强而成的。

Abstract: The characteristics of cloud chart and environment field on a heavy rain process in Shanxi Province in July 2011 was analyzed  using satellite data, automatic station data, L Brand data, and conventional observation data. The results showed that: (1)This heavy rain occurred under the background of two trough and one ridge on 500 hPa, subtropical high stability, and an anticyclone on 200 hPa. High energy, high humidity, divergence at high and convergence at low, and strong ascending motion were the basic environment characteristic of initial generation of cloud cluster, but there is a great difference among dynamic and thermal structure, intensity, and mesoscale environment that lead to the development of cloud cluster a later period. Four area of heavy rain caused by different property of cloud, and there is a great difference between precipitation property and characteristics. (2) L brand showed that disappear of cloud layer, lower of cloud top height, enlarge of humidity thickness, lower of congeal height, lower of 0℃ layer, and disappear of temperature inversion layer were indication of forming of MCC. (3) Diagnosis physical quantity showed that there were main information of development of MCC: Low-level jet stream as narrows, a branch of jet was disappear, and northwesterly jet high was weaken,  northwesterly wind at low was strengthen at the same time. Atmosphere instability was enlarge. Water vapor was enlarge suddenly, and air pressure was strengthen continually in warm area south of frontal surface. (4) Forced by humidity front, MCC is formed by development of convective cloud cluster near humidity center since invasion of dry and cold air.