论文

杭州市区大气气溶胶散射特性观测分析

  • 齐冰 ,
  • 杜荣光 ,
  • 徐宏辉 ,
  • 牛彧文
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  • 杭州市气象局, 杭州 310051;浙江省气象科学研究所, 杭州 310008

网络出版日期: 2014-02-28

An Observational Study on Aerosol Scattering Properties in Urban Site of Hangzhou

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Online published: 2014-02-28

摘要

利用2011年杭州国家基准气候观测站浊度仪和常规气象观测资料, 研究了杭州市区城市工作和生活环境中气溶胶散射系数的变化特征。结果表明, 2011年杭州大气气溶胶散射系数平均值为396.8±191.3 Mm-1。秋、 冬季散射系数高于春、 夏季。大气环流形势、 气象条件变化以及内外源的影响是造成散射系数季节性差异的重要因素。在边界层演变、 交通排放和人为活动的共同作用下, 散射系数呈单峰型的日变化特征, 峰值出现在08:00(北京时, 下同), 谷值在14:00。工作日散射系数显著高于周末。拟合散射系数逐时频率分布表明, 杭州最具代表性大气状态下大气气溶胶散射系数为238.9 Mm-1。散射系数随着霾等级的增加而升高, 霾期间散射系数的升高可能是造成能见度下降的直接原因。由于观测站特殊的地理位置, 导致散射系数在不同风向区间差别不大, 但是地面风对气溶胶散射系数具有明显的扩散和输送作用。

本文引用格式

齐冰 , 杜荣光 , 徐宏辉 , 牛彧文 . 杭州市区大气气溶胶散射特性观测分析[J]. 高原气象, 2014 , 33(1) : 277 -284 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00186

Abstract

The variation features of the aerosol scattering coefficient in the urban area of working and living environment in Hangzhou was studied based on nephelometer and conventional meteorological date from national basic meteorological stations in 2011. The results showed that the mean value of aerosol scattering coefficient was (396.8±191.3) Mm-1 in Hangzhou. Scattering coefficient in autumn and winter were higher than in spring and summer. Atmospheric circulation, meteorological change as well as internal and external sources were the important factors in causing seasonal variations of the scattering coefficient. The diurnal variation of scattering coefficient presented a single-peak under the combined effects of boundary layer evolution, traffic emissions and human activities, the peak and valley value appeared at 08:00 (Beijing time, it is hereafler the same) and 14:00, respectively. The scattering coefficient in working days was significantly higher than that in the weekends. The most representative aerosol scattering coefficient was 238.9 Mm-1, which was calculated by fitting hours frequency distribution. The increase in haze grades leaded to the rise of scattering coefficient, which may be the direct reason for visibility degradation. Special geographical position could result in scattering coefficient interval difference in different wind direction, but the wind speed played a distinct role in diffusing and conveying aerosol scattering coefficient.

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