利用风廓线雷达和地基微波辐射计观测资料, 对2010年4月12日发生在湖北咸宁的一次冰雹过程进行了分析, 探讨这两种资料在冰雹天气监测预警中的应用.结果表明:(1)这次冰雹过程中, 850~700 hPa之间低槽约在降雹前1 h过境, 850 hPa以下低槽约在降雹前2 h过境.在降雹前约0.5 h, 0~4 km垂直速度大小随高度的波动明显增大.0~6 km始终存在较深厚的垂直风切变, 每200 m高度的水平风垂直切变在2~2.5 km的正中心与冰雹发生相对应.(2)降雹前, 0~10 km整层相对湿度垂直廓线大体呈5~10 km小、0~5 km大的"上干下湿"2层结构.降雹前约0.5 h, 相对湿度呈"上下湿、中间干"的3层结构, 大气液态水总含量ILW、大气水汽总含量IWV都呈波动快速增长, 冰雹发生在ILW和IWV的波峰上.(3)在降雹前约6 h, K指数超过35℃, 在降雹前CAPE平均值约为627 J·kg^-1, 0℃, -10℃和-20℃层高度分别在5 km, 6 km和7.5 km.

The evolution characteristics of hail potential conditions, such as mesoscale weather system, wind shear, water vapor, vertical velocity and unstable stratification at Xianning City in Hubei Province on 12 April 2010 were analyzed with wind profiler radar data and ground-based microwave radiometer that were applied to monitoring of hail fall process. Results show that: (1) The hail-fall process initiated during the process of low trough moving eastwardly and cold air moving southwardly. The mesoscale weather system such as southwest jet at middle and low levels, the shear line on 850 hPa, moist tongue and cold front at the ground afforded dynamic, thermal and water vapor conditions. The deep vertical wind shear from 0 to 6 km and the zero elevation at 3.5 km afforded circumstance condition for hail fall.(2)The passage of the low trough between 850 hPa and 700 hPa is about 0.5 hour earlier than hail-fall process. And the influence of the cold front near the ground was 2 hours earlier than low trough on 850 hPa. And the temperature advection between 1400 m to 5000 m changed from positive to zero, then to negative. The warm and wet flow followed air of higher temperature and greater humidity. Cold advection at middle level was beneficial to the development of convectively un-stability. (3) The fluctuation of vertical velocity increased with the height from 0 to 4 km 0.5 hour earlier of hail fall process. The maximum vertical velocity difference could reach 11 m·s^-1. It shows that the thermal and dynamical structure in the atmosphere were very different at different level at the convective storm. (4) There existed deep wind shear at the vertical direction all the time from 0 km to 6 km before hail fall. And it was positive and stable calculated every 200 m. At the same time, the maximum appeared about 1.5 hour earlier which was significant to the monitoring and prediction of hail-fall. (5) The relative humidity was less and drier between 5 km to 10 km while it was greater and wetter between 0 km to 5 km before the hail-fall process. It showed three-layer distribution of "wet at high and low levels, dry at middle level". ILW and IWV increased rapidly from 4 mm to about 15 mm and from 40 mm to more than 60 mm respectively. When ILW and IWV reached maximum, the hail-fall initiated. (6) The K index exceeded 35℃ about 6 hours earlier than hail-fall process. The averaged value of CAPE was about 627 J·kg^-1 before hail-fall process. Heights of 0℃, -10℃ and -20℃ were at 5 km, 6 km, 7.5 km respectively. The indexes evolution could show the unstability of atmospheric stratification to some extent.