高原气象

高原气象 >

2018 , Vol. 37 >Issue 4: 958 - 969

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00093

论文

云南南支槽飑线雹暴中尺度特征及环境条件

  • 张腾飞 ,
  • 张杰 ,
  • 张思豆 ,
  • 朱莉
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  • 云南省人工影响天气中心, 云南 昆明 650034;云南省气象信息中心, 云南 昆明 650034;云南大学大气科学系, 云南 昆明 650500;云南省气象台, 云南 昆明 650034

收稿日期: 2017-07-07

  网络出版日期: 2018-08-28

基金资助

云南省科技惠民专项（2016RA096，2014RA002，2015FB166）；云南省气象局科研项目（RY201701）

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Mesoscale Characteristics and Environmental Conditions of South Trough Squall-Line Hailstorm in Yunnan

  • ZHANG Tengfei ,
  • ZHANG Jie ,
  • ZHANG Sidou ,
  • ZHU Li
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  • Yunnan Weather Modification Center, Kunming 650034, Yunnan, China;Yunnan Meteorological Information Center, Kunming 650034, Yunnan, China;Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China;Yunnan Meteorological Observatory, Kunming 650034, Yunnan, China

Received date: 2017-07-07

  Online published: 2018-08-28

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摘要

利用自动站、FY-2E卫星、地闪及1°×1° NCEP再分析气象资料对春季两次南支槽影响下云南飑线雹暴中尺度特征及环境条件进行分析。结果表明：南支槽前的高低空偏西急流不仅为强对流雹暴提供水汽条件，而且相互耦合加强上升运动为强对流雹暴提供动量条件，雹暴发生在500 hPa和700 hPa南支槽前的偏西急流耦合区内；高空深厚强急流带和强垂直风切变导致中高层强斜压性加大而加强上升运动促使雹暴发展，且中低层强垂直风切变影响雹暴的组织和发展，雹暴发生在中低层垂直风切变大于等于3×10-3 s-1的区域；青藏高原500 hPa低槽东南移引导北方冷空气南下，形成中层冷空气入侵和低层暖脊控制的上冷下暖大气强烈不稳定，为强对流雹暴发生发展提供重要的对流不稳定条件，雹暴发生在850 hPa与500 hPa温差T（850-500） ≥ 27 K的强烈不稳定区域内；上冷下暖的强烈不稳定和强烈垂直风切变导致南支槽对流积状云形成，后侧中层冷平流侵入和高空急流动量下传作用进一步发展形成逗点状对流云系和弓形飑线，而偏西急流强弱和强垂直风切变大小是导致两次飑线雹暴发展差异的直接原因。

关键词： 南支槽; 飑线; 雹暴; 中尺度特征; 环境条件

本文引用格式

张腾飞 , 张杰 , 张思豆 , 朱莉 . 云南南支槽飑线雹暴中尺度特征及环境条件[J]. 高原气象, 2018 , 37(4) : 958 -969 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00093

Abstract

By using the automatic station, FY2E satellite, CG lightning and NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis meteorological data, mesoscale characteristics and environmental conditions of two spring squall-line hailstorms in Yunnan were analyzed under the influence of the south trough. The results show that the partial westerly jet before south trough not only provides water vapor condition for strong convective hailstorms, but also provide momentum condition for hailstorms through their mutual coupling action strengthens ascending motion. Hailstorms occur in the mutual coupling area of the partial westerly jet before the south troughs at 500 hPa and 700 hPa. The deep and strong jet stream in high altitude and the strong vertical wind shear can produce high wind on the ground through momentum transfer, on the other hand, in the production of convective instability, they can lead to the increase of baroclinicity in the middle and high layer, and strengthen the upward movement to promote the development of hailstorm, especially the strong vertical wind in the middle and low layer influences the organization and development of hailstorm. Hailstorms occur in areas where the vertical wind shear is greater than or equal to 3×10-3 s-1 between middle and low layer. When the 500 hPa low trough over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau moves to the southeast and leads the cold air southward in the north, the strong convective instability of upper cold and lower warm air is formed to provide convective instable conditions for the occurrence and development of hailstorm, because of the cold air intrusion on the middle layer and warm ridge domination under the common action of warm advection and surface radiation heating on the low layer. Hailstorms occur in the strong instable region of T(850-500) ≥ 27 K. The south trough clouds continuously develop to squall-line hailstorms which influence Yunnan from the west to the east for about 12 hours. The strong convective instability of upper cold and lower warm air and the strong vertical wind shear lead to the formation of convective cumuliform clouds of the south trough, and the cold advection invasion of rear side in the middle level and the momentum down delivery function lead to further develop to comma clouds and arched squall lines, which produce TBB decrease and CG lightning increase, produce the sudden change of wind direction, the sudden increase of relative humidity, the sudden drop of temperature, and produce the strong convective hailstorm weather of intense thunderstorm, gale, hail and short-term heavy rain. While the strength of westerly jet and the size of strong vertical wind shear are the direct causes of two squall line hailstorm development difference.

Key words： South trough; squall-line; hailstorm; mesoscale characteri; environmental condit

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