2010年3月5日16:20(北京时, 下同)-19:50发生在闽北的强对流天气主要由中尺度对流回波群中的3个局地强风暴引起的, 其中最强的单体是一典型的经典超级单体风暴, 它在沿途220 km产生了强降雹。本文利用建阳多普勒天气雷达（CINRAD/SA）资料和常规高空地面观测资料, 分析了该单体的演变特征和环境条件。结果表明： （1）经典超级单体出现在具有地形锢囚特征的地面中低压内, 该低压则处于高空槽前、 西南中空急流下方、 850 hPa锋区切变南侧以及低空急流前方； 该单体在地面中低压西部冷锋上生成后沿着地面辐合线移动并穿过低压中心, 到达低压东部的静止锋冷区后减弱, 生命史为4 h 52 min, 并始终维持相对的孤立状态, 平均移速为75 km·h-1, 属于高质心对流系统。（2）成熟阶段(15:57-18:47), 该单体维持中等强度以上的中气旋及相关的有界弱回波区 (BWER)、 低层钩状回波等经典超级单体特征, 并出现了3次高峰, 相应的中气旋在高峰期均有增强并向地面伸展。其中, 在第二次高峰期出现了垂悬回波下降和钩状回波更新以及BWER消失现象, 这一期间出现的龙卷涡旋特征进一步表明产生龙卷的可能性很大； 在第三次高峰期也出现了类似演变特征, 但更为典型的是中气旋最终发生了锢囚, 形成长达30 min的涡旋状回波。此外, 在第一和第二次高峰期风暴左前方多次出现了阵风锋回波， 而右后侧却未出现此现象, 这也是一种有利于风暴维持的特征。（3）主要的风暴尺度环境特征是中等大小的对流有效位能\, 大的深层垂直风切变（0~6 km风切变是39 m·s-1）、 强的相对风暴入流（17 m·s-1, 0~2 km）和高的相对风暴螺旋度（418 m2·s-2, 0~2 km）； 与典型的经典超级单体风暴环境不同的是： 风随高度顺转（90°, 300 hPa以下）不仅表现在低层还表现在中上层（25°, 500~300 hPa）。最后对风暴成熟阶段的3次高峰机理进行了讨论。
A severe convective weather occurred in northern Fujian from 16:20 to 19:50 on 5 March 2010 was mainly caused by three local severe storms in mesoscale convective echo group. The strongest cell of three local server stroms was a classic(CL) supercell storm, which produced sever hail in 220 km along the way. Using radar data of Jianyang CINRAD/SA, routine upper-air and surface observation data, the CL supercell's evolving feature and environmental conditions were analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1)The storm appeared in a mesoscale low pressure which had the characteristic of the terrain occlusion in surface. The low pressure was in the front of the upper-troposphere trough, under the southwest middle-level jet, on the south side of shear-line and frontal zone on 850 hPa and in the front of low-level jet; the storm was produced from the cold front which located on the west of the low pressure, then the storm moved along the concentrated line in surface and passed through the center of the low pressure, at last the storm reached cold zone of stationary front which located on the east of the low pressure and quickly weakened then. The storm always maintained the relative isolated state and life-history was 4 h 52 min, the storm's average speed was 75 km·h-1 and the storm was a high centroid convective system. (2) During the mature stage (15:57-18:47) the storm maintained the classic supercell characteristics of the moderate intensity or more mesocyclone, the correlative bounded weak echo regions (BWER), lower-level hook-echo and other features. Moreover it come through three times peak development (16:03-16:34, 16:52-17:17, 17:41-18:47, respectively); correspondingly, the mesocyclone of the storm enhanced and stretched to the ground in the peak period. In the second peak period, the storm appeared the phenomenon of declining of echo-overhang, updating lower level hook-echo and disappearing of BWER, these evolving features were in accordance with the model of tornado-arising supercell. Moreover, in the second peak period the characteristic of the TVS further indicated the produced possibility of tornad to be large. In the third peak period the storm came up the similar evolving feature but the more typical is the mesocyclone came to occlusion at last, and then the storm formed vortex-echo which lasted half hour. Besides, in the first and the second peak period the gust-front-echo appeared in the left front of the storm several times rather than right-backward, which was favorable for lasting of the storm. (3) The main characteristics of storm-scale environment were the medium CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy, 1 685 J·kg-1) , significant vertical wind shear (39 m·s-1 , over 0～6 km) , strong storm-relative inflow velocity (17 m·s-1, over 0～2 km) and strong storm-relative helicity (418 m2·s-2, over 0～2 km). However, Wind direction veered with altitude (90 °, below 300 hPa) was not only on low-level but also on middle-upper-level (25 °, over 500～300 hPa), which was certain different to those of CL supercell previously observed in middle latitudes. At lest, the mechanisms of three times peak development of the storm in the mature stage was also discussed.
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